{
  "abstract": "Prioritising malaria vaccine targets requires understanding immunity to genetically and structurally diverse parasite antigens, influencing antibody measurements and durability. We measured total IgG levels to 25 Plasmodium falciparum antigens and assessed their association with protection and antigen features. Antibodies were quantified in two longitudinal cohorts of Papua New Guinean children (5–14 years; n=647) experiencing high or moderate transmission. Associations between antibody levels and time to first clinical malaria episode were evaluated using Cox regression and Bayesian antibody-kinetics models, incorporating antigen genetic diversity and structural properties. In high-transmission settings, antibody levels were elevated and stable, with the strongest protection observed for conserved, low-diversity antigens dominated by the 3D7-reference-matching haplotypes and enriched for intrinsically disordered and alpha-helical regions. In moderate transmission, antibody levels were variable, decayed over time, and reflected recent exposure. These findings identify antigen diversity as a key modifier of malaria immunity and underscore the importance of antigen features.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Infection and Global Health Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia",
    "Infection and Global Health Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand",
    "Infection and Global Health Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Disease Elimination and Maternal and Child Health, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia",
    "Infection and Global Health Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia",
    "Centre for Innovation in Infectious Diseases and Immunology Research (CIIDIR), Institute of Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT) and School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Disease Elimination and Maternal and Child Health, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia",
    "Vector Borne Diseases Unit, Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Madang, Papua New Guinea",
    "National University of Vanuatu, Avenue Léopold Sédar Senghor, Port-Vila, Vanuatu",
    "Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Disease Elimination and Maternal and Child Health, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia",
    "Division of Malaria Research, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Japan",
    "Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States",
    "Division of Cell-Free Sciences, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Japan",
    "Infection and Global Health Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Disease Elimination and Maternal and Child Health, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia",
    "Infection and Global Health Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 18,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Myo T. Naung"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Ramin Mazhari"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Rhea J. Longley"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Somya Mehra"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Wilson Wong"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Paolo Bareng"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Moses Laman"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Benson Kiniboro"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Maria Ome-Kaius"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Pascal Michon"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "James Beeson"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8
      ],
      "name": "Eizo Takashima"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8
      ],
      "name": "Hikaru Nagaoka"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        9
      ],
      "name": "Shannon Takala-Harrison"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        10
      ],
      "name": "Takafumi Tsuboi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        11
      ],
      "name": "Leanne J. Robinson"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        12
      ],
      "name": "Ivo Mueller"
    },
    {
      "name": "Alyssa E. Barry"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/00r8qx2d7wm03.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1016/j.jinf.2026.106845",
  "fulltext_url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163445326001714",
  "id": "00r8qx2d7wm03",
  "issns": [
    "1532-2742"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2026.106845",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "lcc",
      "RA1-1270"
    ],
    [
      "lcc",
      "RC109-216"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2739|Malaria Research and Control"
    ]
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  "openalex": "W7128219623",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-23",
  "publisher": "Elsevier",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/00r8qx2d7wm03.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T13:43:16Z",
      "native_id": "a2f4d4977602424e98e22dc1d1fc52b1",
      "source": "doaj",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2026.106845"
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2739|Malaria Research and Control",
      "subfield": "epidemiology-public-health"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Protective immunity to clinical malaria is modified by the genetic diversity of",
  "title_text": "Protective immunity to clinical malaria is modified by the genetic diversity of",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T13:43:16Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/00r8qx2d7wm03",
  "venue": "Journal of Infection",
  "versions": []
}