{
  "abstract": "Temporal changes in nuclear maturation, BAX/BCL-2 transcriptional dynamics, and functional competence during extended in vitro maturation (IVM) remain poorly characterized in dromedary camel oocytes. This study investigated nuclear maturation dynamics, BAX and BCL-2 expressions, and early cleavage competence during extended IVM. Oocytes were evaluated at 0, 24, 30, 36, and 48 h for nuclear maturation, while transcript abundance was analyzed by reverse-transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) using three independent biological replicates per time point. Early cleavage following artificial activation was compared between 36 and 48 h. The proportion of metaphase II (MII) oocytes increased from 36.36% at 30 h to 69.36% at 36 h and 84.27% at 48 h, with no significant difference between 36 and 48 h. At 24 h, both BAX and BCL-2 were markedly reduced, but the greater reduction in BCL-2 produced the highest relative BAX/BCL-2 balance. Between 24 and 30 h, BCL-2 increased markedly and the relative BAX/BCL-2 balance declined sharply, remaining low at 36 and 48 h. Cleavage rates were 10.05 ± 0.92% and 12.81 ± 3.45% at 36 and 48 h, respectively, with no significant difference (p = 0.299). These findings identify an extended nuclear-maturation window spanning 36-48 h, accompanied by distinct changes in BAX/BCL-2 transcriptional balance without a detectable reduction in early cleavage competence.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 3,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Waad H Alhobish",
      "orcid": "0009-0001-7145-8890"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Muath Q Al-Ghadi",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-0093-321X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Nouf M Alyami",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1782-6717"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/013ez04y0kq6a.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/vetsci13101074",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13709376",
  "id": "013ez04y0kq6a",
  "issns": [
    "2306-7381"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42944169",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2739|Reproductive Biology and Fertility"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221553068",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13709376?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13709376",
  "pmid": "42944169",
  "published": "2026-10-11",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/013ez04y0kq6a.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:22:24Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42944169",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42944169"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2739|Reproductive Biology and Fertility",
      "subfield": "epidemiology-public-health"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Extended In Vitro Maturation Reveals a Prolonged Nuclear Maturation Window and Dynamic BAX/BCL-2 Regulation in Dromedary Camel Oocytes.",
  "title_text": "Extended In Vitro Maturation Reveals a Prolonged Nuclear Maturation Window and Dynamic BAX/BCL-2 Regulation in Dromedary Camel Oocytes.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:22:24Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/013ez04y0kq6a",
  "venue": "Veterinary sciences",
  "versions": []
}