{
  "abstract": "The Denisovan-derived EPAS1 haplotype is a paradigmatic example of adaptive introgression, but whether archaic ancestry contributed beyond such large-effect loci remains unclear. We analyzed genomes from 1,039 Tibetans, Han Chinese, archaic hominins and ancient Tibetan Plateau individuals. Denisovan-derived adaptive variation was highly localized around EPAS1, whereas Neanderthal-derived variation was distributed across the genome; temporal and elevational patterns reinforced this contrast. Despite individual-level heterogeneity, Neanderthal-introgressed gene repertoires repeatedly converged on immune, metabolic and signal-transduction pathways. A Tibetan-enriched Neanderthal PPARGC1A haplotype was associated with lower fasting glucose and showed concordant support from an independent East Asian type 2 diabetes GWAS. These findings reveal that adaptive introgression can contribute to complex human adaptation through functionally convergent combinations of archaic variants, rather than only through shared large-effect haplotypes.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Fudan University"
  ],
  "article_type": "New results",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 14,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "S.-A. Liang"
    },
    {
      "name": "Q. Zhu"
    },
    {
      "name": "X. Gao"
    },
    {
      "name": "Y. Xiao"
    },
    {
      "name": "K. Liu"
    },
    {
      "name": "Z. Xie"
    },
    {
      "name": "L. Deng"
    },
    {
      "name": "X. Ge"
    },
    {
      "name": "B. Su"
    },
    {
      "name": "Q. Fu"
    },
    {
      "name": "Y. Zheng"
    },
    {
      "name": "Y. He"
    },
    {
      "name": "S. Xu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "L. Chen"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/01sm3kx3z9gr1.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.64898/2026.09.18.752559",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.18.752559v1.full",
  "id": "01sm3kx3z9gr1",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.18.752559v1",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "biorxiv",
      "evolutionary biology"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "3314|Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7213269685",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.18.752559v1.full.pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-18",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/01sm3kx3z9gr1.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:23:37Z",
      "native_id": "10.64898/2026.09.18.752559",
      "source": "biorxiv",
      "url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.18.752559v1"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "biorxiv:evolutionary biology",
      "subfield": "evolutionary-biology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Adaptive introgression in Tibetans spans focal and distributed architectures",
  "title_text": "Adaptive introgression in Tibetans spans focal and distributed architectures",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:23:37Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/01sm3kx3z9gr1",
  "venue": "bioRxiv",
  "versions": []
}