{
  "abstract": "4D printing of shape memory polymers (SMPs) enables time-programmed function, and conductive fillers are promising additives for improving thermomechanical performance and potentially enabling future electrothermal activation. In this study, the effect of carbon-based nanoparticles, including carbon black (CB) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs), on a PETG/TPU (70/30) blend was investigated using formulations reinforced with CB or CNT at 6 wt% and a hybrid CB3%/CNT3%. The mechanical properties, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), printability, morphology, and shape memory behavior of the nanocomposites were investigated. The neat PETG/TPU showed UTS 26.22 MPa and elongation 7.9%; the elastic modulus was essentially unchanged by adding nanoparticles. Among the nanocomposites, CB6% provided the best overall balance, with UTS 26.63 MPa, elongation 7.67%, and 92% recovery in 19 s (fixity 100%). CNT6% exhibited lower strength but higher ductility (elongation roughly doubled versus the neat blend) with recovery close to CB6%. The CB3%/CNT3% hybrid showed the weakest mechanical response and the lowest recovery. microstructural properties supported these trends: CB showed more uniform dispersion and fewer interlayer voids; CNT was broadly similar but slightly rougher; the hybrid displayed more defects. Overall, 6 wt% CB is identified as the most balanced composition for PETG/TPU when mechanical integrity, printability, and rapid thermally induced shape recovery are required. 6 wt% CNT is suitable where additional deformability is desired, while the equal-ratio hybrid should be avoided unless dispersion is improved.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Sahar Khorooty"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Mahdi Khajepour",
      "orcid": "0009-0003-8552-8567"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Mohammad Amin Yousefi",
      "orcid": "0009-0002-0871-2160"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Davood Rahmatabadi",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6898-3061"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Majid Baniassadi",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4434-082X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Mostafa Baghani",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6695-3128"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/01z15j28hye38.bib",
  "cited_by": 10,
  "doi": "10.1016/j.jmrt.2026.06.165",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "01z15j28hye38",
  "issns": [
    "2214-0697",
    "2238-7854"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2026.06.165",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2507|Polymer composites and self-healing"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7165185141",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-06-18",
  "publisher": "Elsevier BV",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/01z15j28hye38.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T13:27:00Z",
      "native_id": "W7165185141",
      "source": "openalex",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2026.06.165"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "openalex:2507|Polymer composites and self-healing",
      "subfield": "materials-polymers"
    }
  ],
  "title": "4D printing of PETG/TPU shape memory nanocomposites reinforced with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon black (CB)",
  "title_text": "4D printing of PETG/TPU shape memory nanocomposites reinforced with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon black (CB)",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-09T13:21:22Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/01z15j28hye38",
  "venue": "Journal of Materials Research and Technology",
  "versions": []
}