{
  "abstract": "Exosome-based therapeutics have emerged as a promising cell-free strategy for tissue regeneration by coordinating angiogenesis and tissue repair. Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived exosomes are particularly attractive because of their regenerative potential and scalability; however, the reproducible and scalable production of functionally potent exosomes remains a major barrier to clinical translation. Here, we developed a graphene oxide (GO)-mediated nanoengineering strategy to establish a multi-spheroid platform that simultaneously regulates spheroid architecture, enhances exosome production, and improves angiogenic functionality in both iPSC spheroids and iPSC-derived vascular endothelial cell (vEC) spheroids. GO reproducibly reorganized cellular aggregation from a single dominant spheroid into multiple uniformly sized spheroids per well and increased exosome production while preserving characteristic vesicle properties. GO-engineered iPSC spheroid-derived exosomes exhibited distinct angiogenesis-related miRNA profiles and significantly enhanced endothelial cell migration and capillary-like network formation in vitro. Extending this strategy to iPSC-vEC spheroids further enhanced endothelial differentiation and generated lineage-specific exosomes with greater pro-angiogenic activity. In a rat full-thickness skin wound model, GO-engineered spheroid-derived exosomes accelerated wound closure and promoted vascularized skin regeneration. Collectively, these findings establish GO-mediated spheroid nanoengineering as a reproducible and potentially scalable strategy for producing therapeutically potent exosomes. By integrating controlled spheroid formation, enhanced exosome productivity, preserved vesicle characteristics, and improved angiogenic efficacy, this platform provides a practical framework for standardized exosome manufacturing and supports its future clinical translation toward vascular regenerative therapies.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Convergence Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.",
    "Department of Rural and Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.",
    "Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.",
    "Institute of Nano-Stem Cells Therapeutics, NANOBIOSYSTEM Co., Ltd., Gwangju, 61003, Republic of Korea."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Woochan Kim"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Harshita Sharma"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Dream Kim"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Shinyull Lee"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Sefali Bhakuni"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Jangho Kim"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/03g4qrcsg43hh.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1016/j.mtbio.2026.103723",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13682188",
  "id": "03g4qrcsg43hh",
  "issns": [
    "2590-0064"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42903656",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "1312|Extracellular vesicles in disease"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7220367514",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13682188?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13682188",
  "pmid": "42903656",
  "published": "2026-10-05",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/03g4qrcsg43hh.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:57Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42903656",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42903656"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biochemistry",
      "origin": "openalex:1312|Extracellular vesicles in disease",
      "subfield": "molecular-biology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Graphene oxide-induced multiple iPSC spheroid formation for enhanced production of angiogenic exosomes accelerating tissue regeneration.",
  "title_text": "Graphene oxide-induced multiple iPSC spheroid formation for enhanced production of angiogenic exosomes accelerating tissue regeneration.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:19:57Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/03g4qrcsg43hh",
  "venue": "Materials today. Bio",
  "versions": []
}