{
  "abstract": "Current neutron star equation-of-state inferences assume that a common equation of state describes all neutron stars. However, {poorly understood dense-matter physics may give rise to distinct long-lived stellar subpopulations following different mass--tidal-deformability relations, invalidating this assumption. In this Letter, we demonstrate that next-generation gravitational-wave observatories enable neutron star equation-of-state universality to be transformed from an assumption into a testable hypothesis. By combining hierarchical Bayesian inference with a piecewise-polytropic parametrization of the neutron star equation of state, we establish a framework for testing equation-of-state universality with next-generation gravitational-wave observatories. We find that about 30 (50) loud binary neutron star mergers with network SNRs above 100 are sufficient to provide compelling evidence for departures from equation-of-state universality, even if only 20% (10%) of the population exhibits one of the representative non-universality parametrizations considered here.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2609.05118",
  "author_total": 3,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Praveer Tiwari"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ajit Kumar Mehta"
    },
    {
      "name": "K. G. Arun"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/03jb18sn77p3z.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2609.05118",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "03jb18sn77p3z",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.05118",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "astro-ph.HE"
    ],
    [
      "arxiv",
      "gr-qc"
    ],
    [
      "arxiv",
      "nucl-th"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "3103|Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7211912731",
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.05118",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-04",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/03jb18sn77p3z.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:14Z",
      "native_id": "2609.05118",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.05118"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "astronomy",
      "origin": "arxiv:astro-ph.HE",
      "subfield": "high-energy-astrophysics"
    },
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "arxiv:gr-qc",
      "subfield": "gravitation"
    },
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "arxiv:nucl-th",
      "subfield": "nuclear"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Probing Neutron Star Equation of State Universality with Gravitational Waves",
  "title_text": "Probing Neutron Star Equation of State Universality with Gravitational Waves",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:19:14Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/03jb18sn77p3z",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": []
}