{
  "abstract": "Background: Tetanus has a high mortality rate and remains a major public health threat in low- and middle-income countries. Although neonatal tetanus has been eliminated in China, the burden of non-neonatal tetanus is still heavy. This study analyzed the case characteristics, outcomes, and hospitalization expenses of non-neonatal tetanus inpatients in Guizhou Province, China, and provided a basis for reducing the disease burden.\n\nMethods: One tertiary medical institution was randomly selected from each of the nine cities (states) in the province, and the data of non-neonatal tetanus hospitalized cases from 2021 to 2025 were collected. Descriptive epidemiological methods, the simple seasonal index method, and multiple linear regression were used in the analysis.\n\nResults: A total of 92 cases were included. Males accounted for 65.22% (60/92); farmers accounted for 86.96% (80/92); the median age was 60 (55–69) years; the incubation period ranged from 1 to 27 days; and cases peaked in summer. 95.65% (88/92) were not vaccinated with tetanus toxoid-containing vaccine (TTCV), and only 21.74% (20/92) received standardized treatment within 24 h after injury. The case fatality rate was 15.22% (14/92). None of the non-survivors were inoculated with TTCV, no standardized treatment was performed within 24 h after injury, the severity was severe or above, and the family members gave up treatment on their own. The median hospitalization cost was 55,724 yuan (equivalent to 8,359 US Dollars); the highest was 239,365 yuan (equivalent to 35,905 US Dollars); and the number of hospitalization days was the main influencing factor ( t = 5.751, p < 0.001).\n\nConclusion: Non-neonatal tetanus in Guizhou Province was mainly in middle-aged and older male farmers, with a high incidence in summer, and most of them were not vaccinated with TTCV. The non-survivors were not vaccinated with TTCV and did not receive standard treatment within 24 h after injury. The disease had a high case fatality rate and was a serious economic burden. It is recommended to strengthen TTCV vaccination and standardized post-exposure disposal in high-risk groups, enhance medical financial support to prevent abandonment of treatment for economic reasons, and ensure that patients receive timely and comprehensive clinical care.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University , ,",
    "Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Immunization Program , , ,",
    "Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Department of Emergency Surgery , , ,",
    "Zunyi Center for Disease Control and Prevention , , ,",
    "Nanming District Center for Disease Control and Prevention , , ,"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 9,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jiao Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Dandan Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Ruizhi Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Leibing Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Bin Qu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Yan Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Luyu Tang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jun Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Ming Liu"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/04d4hzy9y6x53.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fpubh.2026.1951130",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13661992/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "04d4hzy9y6x53",
  "issns": [
    "2296-2565"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13661992",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "1310|Diphtheria, Corynebacterium, and Tetanus"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7214948799",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13661992/pdf/?tool=EBI",
  "pmcid": "PMC13661992",
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-30",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/04d4hzy9y6x53.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:21Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13661992",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13661992"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:22Z",
      "native_id": "10.3389/fpubh.2026.1951130",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1951130/full"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:1310|Diphtheria, Corynebacterium, and Tetanus",
      "subfield": "endocrinology-metabolism"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Analysis of 92 hospitalized cases of non-neonatal tetanus in Guizhou Province, China",
  "title_text": "Analysis of 92 hospitalized cases of non-neonatal tetanus in Guizhou Province, China",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:20:22Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/04d4hzy9y6x53",
  "venue": "Frontiers in public health",
  "versions": []
}