{
  "abstract": "Liquid biopsy has evolved over two decades from an extension of tissue genotyping into a minimally invasive approach for repeat and longitudinal molecular assessment across the cancer continuum. Advances in sequencing, digital PCR, error suppression, and computational analytics have expanded analytes beyond circulating tumor DNA and circulating tumor cells to extracellular vesicles, circulating RNAs, and tumor-educated platelets, while broadening readouts from mutations to methylation, fragmentomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and multiomic integration. This review traces the field from its technological foundations to current applications in early detection and multicancer early detection, therapy selection and resistance monitoring, minimal residual disease, recurrence-risk stratification, and longitudinal response assessment across major cancers and selected nononcologic settings. We distinguish clinically established applications from emerging and exploratory strategies and emphasize that high analytical performance does not by itself establish clinical utility. We further discuss preanalytical handling, standardization, biological confounders, and evidence required for implementation. Future progress will depend on use-case-driven development, prospective utility studies, longitudinal and multimodal interpretation, and integration with established diagnostic pathways. Together, these priorities define a transition from molecular detectability toward reproducible, actionable, and clinically meaningful liquid biopsy.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Urology The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University Changsha Hunan China.",
    "Xiangya School of Medicine Central South University Changsha Hunan China.",
    "Department of Urology Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha Hunan China.",
    "Washington University School of Medicine St Louis Missouri USA.",
    "Guangdong Medical University Dongguan Guangdong China.",
    "Department of Nephrology Xiangya Hospital at Central South University Changsha Hunan China.",
    "National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University) Ministry of Education Changsha Hunan China."
  ],
  "article_type": "review article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 9,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Jiachen Liu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Dianjie Zeng",
      "orcid": "0009-0006-4803-0833"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Keran Zhao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Yuxi Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Huijie Hu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Fei Deng"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yinhuai Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Liya Sun"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        6
      ],
      "name": "Liangmin Fu"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/04e21f0z461qa.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1002/mco2.71085",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13711345",
  "id": "04e21f0z461qa",
  "issns": [
    "2688-2663"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42948564",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Review"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "1306|Cancer Genomics and Diagnostics"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223806059",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13711345?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13711345",
  "pmid": "42948564",
  "published": "2026-10-27",
  "publisher": "Wiley",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/04e21f0z461qa.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T00:20:33Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42948564",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42948564"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T12:22:08Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13711345",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/mco2.71085"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:1306|Cancer Genomics and Diagnostics",
      "subfield": "oncology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Liquid Biopsy: Past, Present, and Future.",
  "title_text": "Liquid Biopsy: Past, Present, and Future.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-31T12:22:08Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/04e21f0z461qa",
  "venue": "MedComm",
  "versions": []
}