{
  "abstract": "Gastric neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are a group of rare diseases, and we aimed to describe their clinicopathological features and explore the risk factors affecting metastatic disease. A retrospective analysis of 1480 patients with gastric NETs who underwent surgical resection from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database between 2010 and 2019 was performed. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the independent risk factors for regional lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis. The Kaplan‒Meier method was used to calculate cancer-specific survival rates. Cumulative incidence of cancer-specific mortality was calculated by a competing risk model. Of the 1480 patients, 1142 (77.2%) had G1 NETs, and 338 (22.8%) had G2 NETs. With regard to tumor size, 950 (64.2%) had primary neoplasms smaller than 1 cm, 302 (20.4%) had neoplasms within 1 to 2 cm in size, and 228 (15.4%) had neoplasms larger than or equal to 2 cm. Lymph node and distant metastases were identified through a comprehensive evaluation of imaging examinations. In total, 90 (6.1%) and 40 (2.7%) patients had regional lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis, respectively. Logistic regression analysis revealed that sex (P = .011), race (P = .049), tumor size (P < .001), and T stage (P < 001) were the independent risk factors for regional lymph node metastasis, while tumor grade (P = .033) and regional lymph node metastasis (P < .001) were the independent risk factors for distant metastasis. Survival analysis demonstrated that patients with gastric NETs had a favorable prognosis, with 3-year, 5-year, and 10-year cancer-specific survival rates of 97.4%, 96.1%, and 94.5%, respectively. Gastric NETs are generally slow-growing with favorable outcomes, though metastasis is possible. Tumor size and T stage primarily influence regional lymph node metastasis, whereas tumor grade and regional lymph node involvement are key risks for distant metastasis.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Surgical Oncology, Xinxiang Central Hospital, The Fourth Clinical College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Biotherapy, Xinxiang, China",
    "Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 4,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yuhou Shen"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Yue Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Lu Liu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Aimin Yue",
      "orcid": "0009-0002-8757-8712"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/05ak6qznyamjc.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1097/md.0000000000051423",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13727220/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "05ak6qznyamjc",
  "issns": [
    "0304-5412",
    "1536-5964",
    "0025-7974"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13727220",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "4500"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Observational Study"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Research Article"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13727220/pdf/?tool=EBI",
  "pmcid": "PMC13727220",
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-30",
  "publisher": "Wolters Kluwer Health",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/05ak6qznyamjc.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-03T15:20:51Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13727220",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13727220"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-05T12:23:21Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13727220",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000051423"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "journal-openalex:F27",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Risk factor analysis of nodal and distant metastasis for G1 and G2 gastric neuroendocrine tumors",
  "title_text": "Risk factor analysis of nodal and distant metastasis for G1 and G2 gastric neuroendocrine tumors",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-06T12:22:56Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/05ak6qznyamjc",
  "venue": "Medicine",
  "versions": []
}