{
  "abstract": "Water–fertilizer management is central to balancing productivity and environmental performance in greenhouse agriculture. Methods: In a spring–autumn greenhouse Hami melon system in Xinjiang, five irrigation (W1–W5) and three fertilization (F1–F3) levels were combined. Life cycle assessment quantified the input-related carbon footprint, plant carbon storage was measured, and structural equation modeling (SEM) evaluated associations among inputs, biomass, yield and carbon-footprint intensity. Results: Production inputs generated 12.77 t CO ₂ -eq ha ⁻¹ , with fertilizers (54.52%) and plastic film (23.16%) as the main sources. W4F3 achieved the highest yields (75.74 and 52.79 t ha ⁻¹ in spring and autumn, respectively) and plant carbon storage (up to 35.78 g C plant ⁻¹ ). In the fitted SEM, yield was strongly negatively associated with product carbon-footprint intensity (β = −1.253, P < 0.001), whereas area-based emissions were positively associated with it (β = 0.729). Under low irrigation, increasing fertilization did not consistently increase yield, while adequate water enabled fertilizer inputs to be converted more effectively into biomass and yield. Conclusion: Under the tested sandy-soil, cultivar and one-year greenhouse conditions, W4F3 (approximately 3420 m ³ ha ⁻¹ irrigation and 863 kg ha ⁻¹ fertilizer) provided the most favorable balance between yield and product carbon-footprint intensity.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "College of Hydraulic and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University , ,",
    "State Key Laboratory of Water Engineering Ecology and Environment in Arid Area, Xi’an University of Technology , ,"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 8,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Zhenliang Song"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Ming Hong"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Quanjiu Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Han Guo"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Fanfeng Dang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Guangning Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Zhaoxin Liu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Liang Ma"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/05cwwxvtanpbt.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fpls.2026.1917283",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13668531/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "05cwwxvtanpbt",
  "issns": [
    "1664-462X"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13668531",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "1111|Irrigation Practices and Water Management"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7215126443",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13668531/pdf/?tool=EBI",
  "pmcid": "PMC13668531",
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-01",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/05cwwxvtanpbt.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:18Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13668531",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13668531"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:25Z",
      "native_id": "10.3389/fpls.2026.1917283",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2026.1917283/full"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "earth",
      "origin": "openalex:1111|Irrigation Practices and Water Management",
      "subfield": "hydrology-soils"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Water–fertilizer coupling balances yield and the input-related carbon footprint in double-cropping greenhouse Hami melon",
  "title_text": "Water–fertilizer coupling balances yield and the input-related carbon footprint in double-cropping greenhouse Hami melon",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:19:25Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/05cwwxvtanpbt",
  "venue": "Frontiers in plant science",
  "versions": []
}