{
  "abstract": "Background: Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated associations between congenital heart disease (CHD) and childhood cancer. However, these assessments have not fully accounted for the pathogenetic and clinical heterogeneity of CHD, limiting their capacity to inform pathogenetic studies and the clinical management of children with CHD.\n\nMethods: To achieve a more detailed understanding of cancer risk in children with nonsyndromic CHD, we evaluated 60 cardiac lesions in 7 categories in a cohort of 11 million children from Massachusetts, North Carolina, Oklahoma, and Texas. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs of cancer in children with each lesion relative to children without congenital anomalies when there were ≥3 co‐occurring cases.\n\nResults: We identified 74 755 children with CHD and observed increased hazards for several malignancies. Notable associations included aortic arch obstruction–lymphoma (HR, 12.7 [95% CI, 4.9–31.0]); single‐ventricle disease–lymphoma (HR, 9.7 [95% CI, 3.8–24.4]); complex atrioventricular septal defect–leukemia (HR, 8.05 [95% CI, 2.8–23.0]); ventricular septal defect–hepatoblastoma (HR, 11.2 [95% CI, 5.9–21.1]); and conotruncal defects–neuroblastoma (HR, 6.4 [95% CI, 1.9–22.2]). The cumulative incidence of cancer was <1% for all CHD groups evaluated.\n\nConclusions: Cancer incidence in children with nonsyndromic CHD was generally low. However, we identified >5‐fold increases in the hazard of hepatoblastoma, neuroblastoma, leukemia, and lymphoma in children with certain lesions. Our findings may assist in generating hypotheses about the causes of cancer in children with CHD.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Division of Hematology–Oncology, Department of Pediatrics Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA",
    "Tilman J. Fertitta Family College of Medicine University of Houston Houston TX USA",
    "Present address: Department of Radiology University of New Mexico School of Medicine Albuquerque NM",
    "Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital Houston TX USA",
    "Department of Genetic Medicine Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA",
    "Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC USA",
    "Birth Defects Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch Texas Department of State Health Services Austin TX USA",
    "Department of Epidemiology, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health and Winthrop P Rockefeller Cancer Institute University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock AR USA",
    "Division for Family Health Data and Analytics Massachusetts Department of Public Health Boston MA USA",
    "Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Hudson College of Public Health University of Oklahoma Health Campus Oklahoma City OK USA",
    "Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health University of South Florida Tampa FL USA",
    "Chiles Center, College of Public Health University of South Florida Tampa FL USA",
    "Department of Epidemiology University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX USA",
    "Department of Molecular and Human Genetics Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA",
    "Department of Pediatrics Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta GA USA",
    "Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center at Children's Healthcare of Atlanta Atlanta GA USA"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 18,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jeremy M. Schraw",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6674-9562"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Karin C. Mims"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Sara B. Stephens",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2180-2198"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Sonja A. Rasmussen",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-0574-4928"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Emily J. Mason",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-8120-2138"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Tania A. Desrosiers"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Charles J. Shumate"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Wendy N. Nembhard",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8318-4049"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8
      ],
      "name": "Mahsa M. Yazdy",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7415-5350"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8
      ],
      "name": "Eirini Nestoridi",
      "orcid": "0009-0009-6555-8623"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        9
      ],
      "name": "Amanda E. Janitz",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-2690-385X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        10
      ],
      "name": "Jean Paul Tanner"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        11
      ],
      "name": "Russell S. Kirby",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3489-401X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        10
      ],
      "name": "Jason L. Salemi",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-0077-6023"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        12
      ],
      "name": "Chad D. Huff",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1100-9364"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        13
      ],
      "name": "Sharon E. Plon",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9626-0936"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Shaine A. Morris",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8056-0934"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        14,
        15
      ],
      "name": "Philip J. Lupo",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0978-5863"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/05gwnhcpp0yvt.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1161/jaha.125.050164",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13745013/",
  "id": "05gwnhcpp0yvt",
  "issns": [
    "2047-9980"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1161/jaha.125.050164",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Epidemiology"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Original Research"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2705|Congenital Heart Disease Studies"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7212072890",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": "PMC13745013",
  "pmid": "42714453",
  "published": "2026-09-09",
  "publisher": "Wiley",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/05gwnhcpp0yvt.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-11T12:22:27Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13745013",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1161/jaha.125.050164"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "heading:Epidemiology",
      "subfield": "epidemiology-public-health"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Association Between Nonsyndromic Congenital Heart Disease and Childhood Cancer in a Population‐Based, Retrospective Cohort of 11 Million Children",
  "title_text": "Association Between Nonsyndromic Congenital Heart Disease and Childhood Cancer in a Population‐Based, Retrospective Cohort of 11 Million Children",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-12T12:21:24Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/05gwnhcpp0yvt",
  "venue": "Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease",
  "versions": []
}