{
  "abstract": "Pressure-assisted densification is essential for manufacturing sulfide solid-state batteries because electrochemical performance critically depends on intimate solid–solid contact within the electrode stack. However, how the applied stress state governs the co-densification of mechanically dissimilar layers and their electrochemical functionality remains poorly understood. Here, we investigate the pressure-assisted consolidation of Li6PS5Cl separator/composite cathode bilayers under uniaxial and isostatic loading. Despite the contrasting mechanical response of the compliant separator and rigid composite cathode, all processing routes follow the same three-stage ceramic compaction mechanism. Isostatic loading and elevated temperature do not alter this mechanism but substantially improve densification efficiency and, more importantly, suppress the radial strain and center-to-edge density gradients inherent to uniaxial processing. The resulting lateral deformation compromises dimensional stability, which becomes increasingly critical for large-area electrodes and multilayer stacking. At the same time, locally under-densified edge regions provide mechanically weak, porous pathways for metal filament propagation and subsequent short circuiting. Warm isostatic pressing suppresses both lateral deformation and spatial densification heterogeneity, demonstrating that these limitations can be overcome by controlling the stress state during consolidation. These findings establish that a scalable densification process must provide not only sufficient average density, but homogeneous consolidation across the complete electrode while preserving its geometry, providing processing criteria for the development of large-area solid-state batteries.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Materials Science and Engineering",
    "NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology",
    "Christian Doppler Laboratory for Solid-State Batteries",
    "AVL List GmbH",
    "AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH",
    "Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics",
    "Vienna University of Technology"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 7,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Meenal Agrawal"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Mika Serna Malmer"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Mohsen Sadeqi-Moqadam"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Quoc-Anh Tran"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Roman Zettl"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Volker Hennige"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2,
        4,
        5,
        6
      ],
      "name": "Daniel Rettenwander",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2074-941X"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/05kvqgfgf37gq.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.26434/chemrxiv.15008313/v1",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "05kvqgfgf37gq",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://chemrxiv.org/doi/full/10.26434/chemrxiv.15008313/v1",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2208|Advanced Battery Materials and Technologies"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7208773081",
  "pdf_url": "https://chemrxiv.org/doi/pdf/10.26434/chemrxiv.15008313/v1",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-04",
  "publisher": "American Chemical Society (ACS)",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/05kvqgfgf37gq.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:17Z",
      "native_id": "10.26434/chemrxiv.15008313",
      "source": "chemrxiv",
      "url": "https://chemrxiv.org/doi/full/10.26434/chemrxiv.15008313/v1"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "source:chemrxiv",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Pressing Mode Determines Densification Uniformity and Dimensional Stability in Sulfide Solid-State Batteries",
  "title_text": "Pressing Mode Determines Densification Uniformity and Dimensional Stability in Sulfide Solid-State Batteries",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:17Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/05kvqgfgf37gq",
  "venue": "ChemRxiv",
  "versions": []
}