{
  "abstract": "Context. Gas giant planets orbiting low-mass stars (T eff ≲ 4600 K) are uncommon outcomes of planet formation. Increasing the sample of wellcharacterised giants around early M dwarfs will enable population-level studies of their properties, offering valuable insights into their formation and evolutionary histories. Aims. We aim to confirm and characterise giant exoplanets transiting M dwarfs identified by the TESS mission. To this end, we have started the Gas giAnts Transiting lOw-mass Stars (GATOS) program within the NIRPS Guaranteed Time Observations (GTO). Methods. High-resolution spectroscopic data are obtained in the optical and near-infrared (nIR), combining HARPS and NIRPS. We derive radial velocities (RVs) via the cross-correlation function and implement a novel post-processing procedure to further mitigate telluric contamination in the nIR. The resulting RVs are jointly fit with TESS and ground-based photometry to derive the orbital and physical parameters of the systems. Results. We present the GATOS program and its first results. We confirm two gas giants transiting the low-mass stars TOI-3288 A (K9V, T eff = 3933 ± 48 K) and TOI-4666 (M2.5V, T eff = 3512 ± 36 K). TOI-3288 A hosts a Hot Jupiter with a mass of 2.11 ± 0.08 M Jup and a radius of 1.00 ± 0.03 R Jup , with an orbital period of 1.43 days (T eq = 1059 ± 20 K). TOI-4666 hosts a 0.70 ± 0.06 M Jup warm Jupiter (T eq = 713 ± 14 K) with a radius of 1.11 ± 0.04 R Jup , with an orbital period of 2.91 days. At a population level, we identify a decrease in planetary mass with spectral type, where late M dwarfs host less massive giant planets than early M dwarfs. More massive gas giants that deviate from this trend are preferentially hosted by more metal-rich stars. Furthermore, we find an increased binarity fraction among low-mass stars hosting gas giants, which may play a role in enhancing giant planet formation around low-mass stars. Conclusions. These mass characterizations contribute to the growing catalogue of well-defined giant exoplanets around low-mass stars. The observed population trends agree with theoretical predictions, where higher metallicity can compensate for lower disk masses, and wide binary systems may influence planet formation and migration through Kozai-Lidov cycles or disk instabilities.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2510.11703",
  "author_total": 69,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Yolanda Frensch"
    },
    {
      "name": "François Bouchy"
    },
    {
      "name": "Gaspare Lo Curto"
    },
    {
      "name": "Alexandrine L’heureux"
    },
    {
      "name": "Roseane de Lima Gomes"
    },
    {
      "name": "João Faria"
    },
    {
      "name": "Xavier Dumusque"
    },
    {
      "name": "Lison Malo"
    },
    {
      "name": "Marion Cointepas"
    },
    {
      "name": "Avidaan Srivastava"
    },
    {
      "name": "Xavier Bonfils"
    },
    {
      "name": "Elisa Delgado-Mena"
    },
    {
      "name": "Nicola Nari"
    },
    {
      "name": "Étienne Artigau"
    },
    {
      "name": "Frédérique Baron"
    },
    {
      "name": "Susana Barros"
    },
    {
      "name": "Björn Benneke"
    },
    {
      "name": "Marta Bryan"
    },
    {
      "name": "Bruno Canto Martins"
    },
    {
      "name": "Izan de Castro Leão"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ryan Cloutier"
    },
    {
      "name": "Neil Cook"
    },
    {
      "name": "Nicolas Cowan"
    },
    {
      "name": "Eduardo Cristo"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jose de Medeiros"
    },
    {
      "name": "Xavier Delfosse"
    },
    {
      "name": "René Doyon"
    },
    {
      "name": "David Ehrenreich"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jonay González Hernández"
    },
    {
      "name": "David Lafrenière"
    },
    {
      "name": "Christophe Lovis"
    },
    {
      "name": "Claudio Melo"
    },
    {
      "name": "Lucile Mignon"
    },
    {
      "name": "Christoph Mordasini"
    },
    {
      "name": "Francesco Pepe"
    },
    {
      "name": "Rafael Rebolo"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jason Rowe"
    },
    {
      "name": "Nuno Santos"
    },
    {
      "name": "Damien Ségransan"
    },
    {
      "name": "Alejandro Suárez Mascareño"
    },
    {
      "name": "Stéphane Udry"
    },
    {
      "name": "Diana Valencia"
    },
    {
      "name": "Gregg Wade"
    },
    {
      "name": "Khaled Al Moulla"
    },
    {
      "name": "Romain Allart"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jose Almenara"
    },
    {
      "name": "Khalid Barkaoui"
    },
    {
      "name": "Charles Cadieux"
    },
    {
      "name": "Amadeo Castro-González"
    },
    {
      "name": "Karen Collins"
    },
    {
      "name": "Sergio Fajardo-Acosta"
    },
    {
      "name": "Thierry Forveille"
    },
    {
      "name": "Tianjun Gan"
    },
    {
      "name": "João Gomes da Silva"
    },
    {
      "name": "Nolan Grieves"
    },
    {
      "name": "Melissa Hobson"
    },
    {
      "name": "Steve Howell"
    },
    {
      "name": "Pierrot Lamontagne"
    },
    {
      "name": "Lina Messamah"
    },
    {
      "name": "Louise Nielsen"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/05rbesngzmv3q.bib",
  "cited_by": 5,
  "doi": "10.1051/0004-6361/202557656",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "05rbesngzmv3q",
  "issns": [
    "0004-6361",
    "1432-0746"
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  "landing_url": "https://hal.science/hal-05843507v1",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
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  "pdf_url": "https://hal.science/hal-05843507/document",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-29",
  "publisher": "EDP Sciences",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/05rbesngzmv3q.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:03Z",
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "astronomy",
      "origin": "hal:2.sdu.astr.ep",
      "subfield": "planetary"
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  "title": "TOI-3288 b and TOI-4666 b: Two gas giants transiting low-mass stars characterised by NIRPS",
  "title_text": "TOI-3288 b and TOI-4666 b: Two gas giants transiting low-mass stars characterised by NIRPS",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-31T12:20:56Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/05rbesngzmv3q",
  "venue": "Astronomy & Astrophysics - A&A",
  "versions": []
}