{ "abstract": "Background: Jordan's health system has evolved amid rapid urbanization and the strain of hosting one of the world's largest refugee populations per capita. This study comprehensively evaluates national disease burden trends in Jordan from 1990 to 2023 to inform health priorities.\n\nMethods: Using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2023 framework, we analyzed age‐standardized rates of disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and years of life lost (YLLs) across 370 diseases and 88 risk factors. Data were derived from national censuses, health surveys, disease registries, and hospital records, and harmonized using standardized GBD modeling and estimation procedures. Analyses were stratified by age, sex, and cause.\n\nResults: Between 1990 and 2023, age‐standardized DALYs declined by 33.88% (95% UI: −37.38 to −30.59), with greater reductions in males (−38.83%; −42.22 to −35.60) than females (−27.22%; −31.33 to −23.58). YLLs decreased by 49.38% (−50.93 to −47.68), while YLDs remained comparatively stable (2.49%; −2.37 to 7.47). Using mutually exclusive GBD Level 3 causes, ischemic heart disease and diabetes mellitus were the two leading causes of DALYs in 2023. Diabetes mellitus rose from 7th place in 1990 to 2nd place in 2023, while neonatal disorders declined from 1st to 7th place. Metabolic risks remained important contributors to the overall disease burden. Jordan's age‐standardized diabetes DALY rate in 2023 was approximately 1.56 times the global rate.\n\nConclusion: Jordan's health profile has shifted toward a greater burden from noncommunicable diseases, while age‐standardized health loss and premature mortality have declined substantially. In contrast, nonfatal disability changed comparatively little. These findings provide an evidence base for primary prevention of NCDs and for long‐term strategies addressing the country's evolving health challenges.", "abstract_shown": true, "affiliations": [ "Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Medicine Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx New York USA", "Yale International Medicine Program Yale University New Haven Connecticut USA", "Department of Orthopedics Hospital of Special Surgery (HSS) New York New York USA", "Weil‐Cornel School of Medicine Cornell University Doha Qatar", "Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA", "Yale School of Public Health Yale University New Haven Connecticut USA", "Department of Palliative Medicine King Hussein Cancer Center Amman Jordan", "Faculty of Medicine The University of Jordan Amman Jordan", "Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health Columbia University, Irving Medical Center New York New York USA", "Alleghany Health Network Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA", "Department of Medicine, Mass General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA", "University of Cambridge Cambridge UK", "Engelhardt School of Global Health and Bioethics Euclid University Bangui Central African Republic", "Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine Yale University New Haven Connecticut USA", "VA Connecticut Healthcare West Haven CT USA", "Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine Athens Ohio USA", "Yale Liver Center, Yale New Haven Health New Haven Connecticut USA" ], "article_type": "research article", "arxiv": null, "author_total": 11, "authors": [ { "affs": [ 0, 1 ], "name": "Yazan A. Al‐Ajlouni", "orcid": "0000-0002-1718-4964" }, { "affs": [ 2 ], "name": "Jude Alawa" }, { "affs": [ 3 ], "name": "Abdulrahman Al‐Shamari" }, { "affs": [ 4 ], "name": "Aditi Hazra" }, { "affs": [ 5 ], "name": "Kaveh Khoshnood", "orcid": "0000-0003-2795-0447" }, { "affs": [ 6, 7 ], "name": "Omar Shamieh", "orcid": "0000-0002-3635-8624" }, { "affs": [ 8 ], "name": "Nour Makarem" }, { "affs": [ 9 ], "name": "Omar Al Ta'ani", "orcid": "0000-0002-5938-4315" }, { "affs": [ 10 ], "name": "Sara Al Zubi", "orcid": "0000-0001-5648-8437" }, { "affs": [ 11 ], "name": "Adam Coutts" }, { "affs": [ 1, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 ], "name": "Basile Njei", "orcid": "0000-0003-0714-4368" } ], "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/06qex9aj7vkaw.bib", "cited_by": 0, "doi": "10.1002/hsr2.73461", "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13723306/?tool=EBI", "id": "06qex9aj7vkaw", "issns": [ "2398-8835" ], "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13723306", "language": "eng", "licence": "CC-BY", "licence_label": "CC BY", "licence_source": "article", "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "metadata_licence": null, "native_subjects": [ [ "heading", "Original Research" ], [ "openalex", "3605|Global Health and Epidemiology" ] ], "openalex": "W7225015089", "pdf_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13723306/pdf/?tool=EBI", "pmcid": "PMC13723306", "pmid": "42967191", "published": "2026-10-31", "publisher": "Wiley", "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/06qex9aj7vkaw.ris", "sources": [ { "first_seen": "2026-11-02T03:21:51Z", "native_id": "PMC:PMC13723306", "source": "europepmc", "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13723306" }, { "first_seen": "2026-11-04T12:21:55Z", "native_id": "PMC13723306", "source": "pmc", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.73461" } ], "subjects": [ { "field": "medicine", "origin": "journal-openalex:F27", "subfield": "general" } ], "title": "The State of Health in Jordan, 1990–2023: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study", "title_text": "The State of Health in Jordan, 1990–2023: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study", "type": "peer-reviewed", "updated_at": "2026-11-04T12:21:55Z", "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/06qex9aj7vkaw", "venue": "Health science reports", "versions": [] }