{
  "abstract": "Motor planning entails a progressive transformation of neural representations - from abstract motor goals, which represent intended action-outcomes independent of any particular effector (i.e., the body part executing the action), to effector-specific movement plans. Functional MRI (fMRI) studies have shown that parametric variations in parietal activity patterns reflect the encoding of intended force-intensities in effector-specific regions, even before detailed movement parameters are specified. However, how these intended force-intensities are initially represented in an abstract, effector-independent format and subsequently transformed into effector- and movement-specific plans remains unclear. To address this, human-participants performed a delayed grip-force task during fMRI. They first prepared two of four possible force-intensities, then received a cue indicating which hand should apply which force, and finally executed both grips simultaneously. Using time-resolved support vector regression (SVR) combined with a searchlight approach, we identified brain-regions that parametrically code grip-force intensities across two 6-s delay periods. During the first delay, above-chance decoding was observed in a medial section of the posterior parietal cortex spanning the precuneus and superior parietal lobule (PCu/SPL), whereas during the second delay it emerged in effector-specific regions, including the contralateral intraparietal sulcus (pIPS/aIPS), primary somatosensory cortex (S1), dorsal premotor cortex (PMd), and supplementary motor area (SMA). Cross-decoding confirmed effector-independent coding in the PCu/SPL, while cross-temporal generalization revealed stable representations in the contralateral IPS and PMd from the second delay through execution. Together, these findings indicate a progressive transformation from abstract representations of intended force-intensity in the PCu/SPL to effector- and movement-specific plans in the IPS and PMd.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Neurocomputation and Neuroimaging Unit (NNU), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.",
    "Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 3,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Guido Caccialupi",
      "orcid": "0009-0009-4582-0583"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Timo Torsten Schmidt",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1612-1301"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Felix Blankenburg",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2061-1090"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/083wb03msxf2n.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1002/hbm.70657",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13687930",
  "id": "083wb03msxf2n",
  "issns": [
    "1065-9471",
    "1097-0193"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42908330",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2805|Motor Control and Adaptation"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223185546",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13687930?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13687930",
  "pmid": "42908330",
  "published": "2026-10-01",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/083wb03msxf2n.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:57Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42908330",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42908330"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "openalex:2805|Motor Control and Adaptation",
      "subfield": "neuroscience"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Decoding Graded Grip-Force Intensity From fMRI Data Reveals a Transformation From Abstract to Effector- and Movement-Specific Codes Prior to Execution.",
  "title_text": "Decoding Graded Grip-Force Intensity From fMRI Data Reveals a Transformation From Abstract to Effector- and Movement-Specific Codes Prior to Execution.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:19:57Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/083wb03msxf2n",
  "venue": "Human brain mapping",
  "versions": []
}