{ "abstract": "Planetary transits require a fortuitous alignment between a planet’s orbit and our line of sight, but dynamical interactions can render this geometric coincidence only temporary. We report the discovery of the hot Jupiter TOI-2535b, the first confirmed planet orbiting a single star whose transits have been directly observed to disappear. Over 7 yr of photometry from NASA’s Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), the planet’s transit chord traversed and eventually moved off the stellar disk entirely, with an impact parameter changing at the rate of b ̇ = 0.16 yr − 1 . The transit midtimes also show significant departures of ±6 hr from a linear ephemeris. Joint modeling of the transit timing and duration variations (TTVs and TDVs) and NEID radial-velocity data indicates the presence of a nearby, mutually inclined ( i mut ≳ 5 ∘ ) planetary perturber, with the TDV being primarily due to precession of the planets’ orbital planes. Our dynamical modeling reveals that the perturber is likely of Saturn-mass or greater and in a mean-motion resonance with TOI-2535b, making this an unusual system that contains two short-period giant planets. The TDVs measured for TOI-2535b represent one of the most extreme examples of planet–planet interactions driving orbital evolution on human timescales.", "abstract_shown": true, "affiliations": [ "University of California Los Angeles", "Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez", "Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian", "Kotizarovci Observatory", "Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie", "Universidad de Chile", "El Sauce Observatory—Obstech", "Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg", "Sofia University St Kliment Ohridski", "Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC)", "University of Liège", "Massachusetts Institute of Technology", "El Sauce Observatory", "Space Sciences, Technologies and Astrophysics Research (STAR) Institute, Université de Liège, Allée du 6 Août 19C, B-4000 Liège, Belgium", "Cadi Ayyad University", "Grand Pra Observatory", "Universidad de La Laguna (ULL)", "Silesian University of Technology", "Brierfield Observatory", "Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research", "Planetary Discoveries", "Union College", "Stephen F. Austin State University" ], "article_type": null, "arxiv": null, "author_total": 28, "authors": [ { "affs": [ 0 ], "name": "Samuel W. Yee", "orcid": "0000-0001-7961-3907" }, { "affs": [ 0 ], "name": "Erik A. Petigura", "orcid": "0000-0003-0967-2893" }, { "affs": [ 1 ], "name": "Rafael Brahm", "orcid": "0000-0002-9158-7315" }, { "affs": [ 2 ], "name": "Karen A. Collins", "orcid": "0000-0001-6588-9574" }, { "affs": [ 3 ], "name": "Gregor Srdoc" }, { "affs": [ 2 ], "name": "David W. Latham", "orcid": "0000-0001-9911-7388" }, { "affs": [ 2 ], "name": "Allyson Bieryla", "orcid": "0000-0001-6637-5401" }, { "affs": [ 2 ], "name": "Victoria DiTomasso", "orcid": "0000-0003-0741-7661" }, { "affs": [ 4 ], "name": "Thomas Henning", "orcid": "0000-0002-1493-300X" }, { "affs": [ 1, 5, 6 ], "name": "Andrés Jordán", "orcid": "0000-0002-5389-3944" }, { "affs": [ 7, 8 ], "name": "Trifon Trifonov", "orcid": "0000-0002-0236-775X" }, { "affs": [ 9, 10, 11 ], "name": "Khalid Barkaoui", "orcid": "0000-0003-1464-9276" }, { "affs": [ 12 ], "name": "Phil Evans", "orcid": "0000-0002-5674-2404" }, { "affs": [ 13 ], "name": "Emmanuel Jehin", "orcid": "0000-0001-8923-488X" }, { "affs": [ 10, 14 ], "name": "Mourad Ghachoui", "orcid": "0000-0003-3986-0297" }, { "affs": [ 10 ], "name": "Michaël Gillon", "orcid": "0000-0003-1462-7739" }, { "affs": [ 15 ], "name": "Eric Girardin" }, { "affs": [ 9, 16 ], "name": "Felipe Murgas", "orcid": "0000-0001-9087-1245" }, { "affs": [ 9, 16 ], "name": "Enric Palle", "orcid": "0000-0003-0987-1593" }, { "affs": [ 17 ], "name": "Adam Popowicz", "orcid": "0000-0003-3184-5228" }, { "affs": [ 18 ], "name": "Don J. Radford", "orcid": "0000-0002-3940-2360" }, { "affs": [ 2 ], "name": "Howard M. Relles", "orcid": "0009-0009-5132-9520" }, { "affs": [ 2 ], "name": "Richard P. Schwarz", "orcid": "0000-0001-8227-1020" }, { "affs": [ 19 ], "name": "Avi Shporer", "orcid": "0000-0002-1836-3120" }, { "affs": [ 10 ], "name": "Abderahmane Soubkiou", "orcid": "0000-0002-0345-2147" }, { "affs": [ 20 ], "name": "David Watanabe", "orcid": "0000-0002-3555-8464" }, { "affs": [ 21 ], "name": "Francis P. Wilkin", "orcid": "0000-0003-2127-8952" }, { "affs": [ 22 ], "name": "Carl Ziegler", "orcid": "0000-0002-0619-7639" } ], "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/08exs4te1wejt.bib", "cited_by": 0, "doi": "10.3847/2041-8213/aeb4a4", "fulltext_url": null, "id": "08exs4te1wejt", "issns": [ "2041-8213", "2041-8205" ], "landing_url": "https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/aeb4a4", "language": null, "licence": "CC-BY-4.0", "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0", "licence_source": "article", "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "metadata_licence": null, "native_subjects": [ [ "feed-journal", "astronomy/general" ] ], "openalex": null, "pdf_url": "https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/aeb4a4/pdf", "pmcid": null, "pmid": null, "published": "2026-11-09", "publisher": "American Astronomical Society", "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/08exs4te1wejt.ris", "sources": [ { "first_seen": "2026-11-09T12:20:29Z", "native_id": "10.3847/2041-8213/aeb4a4", "source": "feed-iop", "url": "https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/aeb4a4" }, { "first_seen": "2026-11-09T12:21:33Z", "native_id": "10.3847/2041-8213/aeb4a4", "source": "crossref", "url": "https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/aeb4a4" } ], "subjects": [ { "field": "astronomy", "origin": "journal-openalex:3103|Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies", "subfield": "stellar" } ], "title": "A TESS Disappearing Act: The Vanishing Transits of TOI-2535 b", "title_text": "A TESS Disappearing Act: The Vanishing Transits of TOI-2535 b", "type": "peer-reviewed", "updated_at": "2026-11-09T18:20:15Z", "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/08exs4te1wejt", "venue": "The Astrophysical Journal Letters", "versions": [] }