{
  "abstract": "Background\n\nVeterans experiencing moral injury (ie, having witnessed or done something during military service that conflicts with one's value system) may encounter challenges that affect engagement and learning in online contexts.Objective\n\nThis formative case study examined the feasibility of integrating motivational interviewing (MI)-based delayed feedback, a key tenet of the interference preservation hypothesis, into an online program focused on machine learning instruction for a veteran with self-reported probable moral injury.Methods\n\nOne veteran completed a moral injury assessment and 17 training modules with various checkpoint assessments, followed by a machine learning module incorporating a pretest, MI-based delayed feedback, and a posttest.Results\n\nThe participant completed all instructional and assessment components. Checkpoint scores ranged from 66.7% to 100%, with 7 of 10 checkpoints exhibiting a perfect score. Machine learning performance increased from 90% at pretest to 100% at posttest following MI-based delayed feedback.Conclusions\n\nThese findings demonstrate the feasibility of integrating MI-based delayed feedback within an online data science instruction program and provide formative evidence supporting evaluation in larger samples.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "School of Human Sciences, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, 475 Clocktower Drive, Carbondale, IL, 62901, United States, 1 6184531865.",
    "James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, United States.",
    "Division of Epidemiology, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.",
    "Department of Emergency Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States.",
    "Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 7,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Justin T McDaniel",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-8008-1645"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Jolie N Haun",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-4075-3763"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jenna Jamieson",
      "orcid": "0009-0000-6518-7652"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Rebecca Campbell-Montalvo",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-2671-8056"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Dawn Roberts",
      "orcid": "0009-0009-8506-7012"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Lenorris Hughes",
      "orcid": "0009-0002-0528-8958"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Dustin D French",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-4064-3206"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/099hpn336ph15.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.2196/101294",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13717268",
  "id": "099hpn336ph15",
  "issns": [
    "2561-326X"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42953928",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Design and Evaluation of Medical Education Materials"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Formative Evaluation of Digital Health Interventions"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Health Informatics Education and Training"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Original Paper"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Pilot Studies (Ehealth)"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "e-Learning and Digital Medical Education"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "1706|Online Learning and Analytics"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7224411247",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13717268?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13717268",
  "pmid": "42953928",
  "published": "2026-10-22",
  "publisher": "JMIR Publications Inc.",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/099hpn336ph15.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-01T00:20:36Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42953928",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42953928"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-02T12:21:37Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13717268",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.2196/101294"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [],
  "title": "Supplementing the Interference Preservation Hypothesis With Motivational Interviewing-Based Feedback in a Rural Military Veteran With Moral Injury: Formative Case Study.",
  "title_text": "Supplementing the Interference Preservation Hypothesis With Motivational Interviewing-Based Feedback in a Rural Military Veteran With Moral Injury: Formative Case Study.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-02T12:21:37Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/099hpn336ph15",
  "venue": "JMIR formative research",
  "versions": []
}