{
  "abstract": "Background\n\nImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) improve the prognosis of patients with previously treated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the efficacy and safety of ICIs for patients with NSCLC complicated with interstitial pneumonia (IP) remain unknown. This study aimed to analyze patients with NSCLC and IP treated with ICIs and to investigate the efficacy and exacerbation frequency of ICI therapy.Methods\n\nWe prospectively enrolled patients with NSCLC and IP at multiple centers and examined progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) using the Kaplan-Meier method.Results\n\nThe median PFS was 5.8 months, and the median OS was 9.7 months. ICI-related lung injury was observed in seven of the 19 patients (36.8%). Pneumonitis was observed in one of five patients with a usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern and in six of 14 patients with a non-UIP pattern; however, there was no significant difference in onset frequency. Furthermore, we observed no significant difference in PFS between patients with and without ICI-related pneumonitis (6.8 vs. 3.3 months, respectively; p = 0.826). OS tended to be shorter in patients with ICI-related pneumonitis, but the difference was not significant (8.0 vs. 16.7 months, respectively; p = 0.172).Conclusions\n\nThe use of ICIs in patients with NSCLC and IP produces long-term responses in some cases; however, there is a high possibility of ICI-related pneumonitis. In cases where the condition worsens, post-treatment may be difficult, and the prognosis may be poor.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Respiratory Medicine, JA Onomichi General Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan.",
    "Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hiroshima Prefectural Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan.",
    "Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kida-gun, Kagawa, Japan.",
    "Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan.",
    "Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hiroshima Red Cross Hospital and Atomic-Bomb Survivors Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan.",
    "Department of Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan.",
    "Department of Medical Oncology and Medicine, Okayama Rosai Hospital, Okayama, Japan.",
    "Department of General Internal Medicine 4, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan.",
    "Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Iwakuni Clinical Center, Yamaguchi, Japan.",
    "Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 15,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Kosuke Hamai",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8654-5532"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Nobuhiro Kanaji",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7365-4927"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Naoki Watanabe",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6418-991X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Nobuhisa Ishikawa",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-0208-2180"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Sayaka Ueno"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Takeshi Masuda",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-3557-0049"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Noboru Hattori",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8234-942X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Masahiro Yamasaki",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0750-0019"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Naoko Matsumoto"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Masamoto Nakanishi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Nobukazu Fujimoto",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4516-0433"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Nagio Takigawa",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3835-5128"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8
      ],
      "name": "Kazuya Nishii",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1591-1937"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        9
      ],
      "name": "Katsuyuki Hotta"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Katsuyuki Kiura"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/09bxhq63bet87.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1111/1759-7714.70399",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13670000",
  "id": "09bxhq63bet87",
  "issns": [
    "1759-7706",
    "1759-7714"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42876359",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2730|Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7222149725",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13670000?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13670000",
  "pmid": "42876359",
  "published": "2026-10-01",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/09bxhq63bet87.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:00Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42876359",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42876359"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2730|Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers",
      "subfield": "oncology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Efficacy and Safety of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Lung Cancer Complicated by Interstitial Pneumonia: The CS-Lung 003 Study, Branch Number 28.",
  "title_text": "Efficacy and Safety of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Lung Cancer Complicated by Interstitial Pneumonia: The CS-Lung 003 Study, Branch Number 28.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:19:00Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/09bxhq63bet87",
  "venue": "Thoracic cancer",
  "versions": []
}