{
  "abstract": "High‐performance polyurethane (PU) elastomers have demonstrated many important industrial applications in areas such as soft robotics, flexible sensors and electronic devices. However, it has been challenging to design strong and tough elastomers that are capable of fire‐extinguishing and self‐healing due to different governing mechanisms associated with these properties. Here we present a molecular engineering strategy to achieve strong, tough, fire‐retardant, and healable PU elastomers by rationally designing a phosphorus/nitrogen (P/N)‐ and π–π interacting biphenyl‐containing diol as hard segments with side groups. The formation of relatively strong interchain π–π stacking enables the elastomer to achieve superior mechanical and self‐healing properties, while the combination of π–π stacking and P/N elements promotes exceptional fire retardancy. The resultant elastomer displays a record‐high large break strain of ∼2500%, a large toughness (ca. 379 MJ/m 3 ) and a tensile strength of 46 MPa, and a healing efficiency as high as 95% (tensile strength) and 99% (break strain). Also, the elastomer can self‐extinguish with a high limiting oxygen index of 38.6%. We then demonstrate its application for high‐sensitivity multi‐mode tattoo sensors. This work opens new avenues for developing strong, flexible, tough elastomers with multiple integrated functionalities.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "National Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Forest Food Resources Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products Chinese Academy of Forestry International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Material Nanjing China",
    "Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering Monash University Clayton Australia",
    "Department of Materials Science and Engineering Central south university Changsha China",
    "School of Science Engineering and Digital Technologies Centre for Future Materials Unviersity of Southern Queensland Springfield Australia",
    "Department of Polymer Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai China",
    "College of Science Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing China",
    "China–Australia Institute for Advanced Materials and Manufacturing Jiaxing University Jiaxing China",
    "Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Engineering NingboTech University Ningbo China",
    "School of Biomedical Engineering University of Sydney Darlington New South Wales Australia"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 12,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yijiao Xue",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-4827-7976"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Shu Ping Gong",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6904-1706"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Zhezhe Zhou"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Zhewen Ma"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Yanlong Luo",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7765-7911"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Mark Lynch"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Jiabing Feng"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Yuejun Zhang",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1132-6332"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "M Zhang",
      "orcid": "0009-0007-6474-6011"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yonghong Zhou",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8860-0750"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8
      ],
      "name": "Wenlong Cheng",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2346-4970"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Pingan Song",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1082-652X"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0affxj8ees2jf.bib",
  "cited_by": 5,
  "doi": "10.1002/adma.73534",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "0affxj8ees2jf",
  "issns": [
    "0935-9648",
    "1521-4095"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.73534",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2507|Polymer composites and self-healing"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7162763154",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": "PMC13327171",
  "pmid": "42210687",
  "published": "2026-05-28",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0affxj8ees2jf.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T13:27:01Z",
      "native_id": "W7162763154",
      "source": "openalex",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.73534"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "openalex:2507|Polymer composites and self-healing",
      "subfield": "materials-polymers"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Designing Strong, Tough, Fire‐Retardant and Self‐Healing Elastomers with Phosphorus/Nitrogen‐ and Biphenyl‐Containing Segments",
  "title_text": "Designing Strong, Tough, Fire‐Retardant and Self‐Healing Elastomers with Phosphorus/Nitrogen‐ and Biphenyl‐Containing Segments",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-03T13:20:41Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0affxj8ees2jf",
  "venue": "Advanced Materials",
  "versions": []
}