{
  "abstract": "The environment in which a glacier terminates can strongly influence its behaviour, stability and future evolution, yet the relationship between terminus type and glacier dynamics at the global scale remains poorly constrained. Here we present a globally-complete classification of glacier termini distinguishing between land, lake, marine and shelf environments, and integrate it with datasets of glacier geometry, dynamics and climate. We show that although lake-, marine- and shelf-terminating glaciers comprise only 3.2% of glaciers globally, they account for over half of global glacier area and mass loss. We also show that lake- and marine-terminating glaciers flow, on average, 10% and 44% faster than land-terminating glaciers, respectively. Furthermore, specific (area-normalised) mass loss rates at lake-terminating glaciers are 57% greater than those at land- and marine-terminating glaciers. Our findings underscore the need for improved representation of non-land glacier termini in models of glacier evolution and sea-level rise, and suggest that distinguishing the environmental and geometric controls of termini on glacier dynamics remains an important challenge for future research.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Joseph Mallalieu",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1988-8594"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jonathan L. Carrivick",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9286-5348"
    },
    {
      "name": "Matthias Huss"
    },
    {
      "name": "Iestyn D. Barr",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9066-8738"
    },
    {
      "name": "Nicholas E. Barrand",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-4428-1863"
    },
    {
      "name": "Cassandra L. Raby"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0ajfr06a10r85.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1038/s41467-026-78654-y",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13694695",
  "id": "0ajfr06a10r85",
  "issns": [
    "2041-1723"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-026-78654-y",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "1902|Cryospheric studies and observations"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7213570771",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-026-78654-y.pdf",
  "pmcid": "PMC13694695",
  "pmid": "42919840",
  "published": "2026-10-23",
  "publisher": "Springer Science and Business Media LLC",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0ajfr06a10r85.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:39Z",
      "native_id": "10.1038/s41467-026-78654-y",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-026-78654-y"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:33Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42919840",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42919840"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "earth",
      "origin": "openalex:1902|Cryospheric studies and observations",
      "subfield": "atmospheric"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Global-scale variability of glacier velocity and mass loss across terminus environments",
  "title_text": "Global-scale variability of glacier velocity and mass loss across terminus environments",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:20:33Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0ajfr06a10r85",
  "venue": "Nature Communications",
  "versions": []
}