{
  "abstract": "BACKGROUND: ), age, and the presence of the apolipoprotein (APO) E-ε4 allele in response to the supplementation. OBJECTIVES: This secondary analysis aimed to determine the concentration of EPA and DHA within plasma PL and in the NEFA form after an ω-3 FA or a placebo supplementation and to investigate whether the factors change the response to the supplement. METHODS: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted. Participants were randomly assigned to either an ω-3 FA supplement (DHA 0.8 g and EPA 1.7 g daily) or to a placebo for 6 mo. FAs from fasting plasma samples were extracted and subsequently separated into PLs with esterified FAs and NEFAs using solid-phase extraction. DHA and EPA concentrations in plasma PLs and as NEFAs were quantified using gas chromatography. RESULTS: EPA and DHA concentrations in the NEFA pool significantly increased by 31%-71% and 42%-82%, respectively, after 1 and 6 mo of ω-3 FA supplementation. No factors influenced plasma DHA and EPA responses in the NEFA pool. In the plasma PL pool, DHA increased by 83%-109% and EPA by 387%-463% after 1 and 6 mo of ω-3 FA supplementation. APOE4 carriers, females, and individuals with a BMI of ≤25 had higher EPA concentrations than noncarriers, males, and those with a BMI of >25, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The concentration of EPA in plasma PLs are modulated by APOE4, sex, and BMI. These factors should be considered when designing clinical trials involving ω-3 FA supplementation. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01625195.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 5,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Insaf Loukil"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ester Cisneros Aguilera"
    },
    {
      "name": "Annick Vachon"
    },
    {
      "name": "Pauline Léveillé"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mélanie Plourde"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0akykbts5cxq7.bib",
  "cited_by": 4,
  "doi": "10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.03.013",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "0akykbts5cxq7",
  "issns": [
    "0022-3166",
    "0022-3166"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://hal.science/hal-05790351v1",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "hal",
      "0.sdv"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2916|Fatty Acid Research and Health"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W4392963449",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-09",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0akykbts5cxq7.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:53Z",
      "native_id": "hal-05790351",
      "source": "hal",
      "url": "https://hal.science/hal-05790351v1"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "hal:0.sdv",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Sex, Body Mass Index, and APOE4 Increase Plasma Phospholipid–Eicosapentaenoic Acid Response During an ω-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation: A Secondary Analysis",
  "title_text": "Sex, Body Mass Index, and APOE4 Increase Plasma Phospholipid–Eicosapentaenoic Acid Response During an ω-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation: A Secondary Analysis",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:53Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0akykbts5cxq7",
  "venue": "Journal of Nutrition",
  "versions": []
}