{
  "abstract": "Introduction: Anemia is a common complication in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), particularly in regions where thalassemia and iron deficiency are prevalent. However, the relative contribution of genetic hemoglobin disorders in this context has not been well characterized. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of anemia and to identify factors associated with its occurrence among patients with T2DM in northeastern Thailand. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 210 patients with T2DM attending two community health-promoting hospitals in northeastern Thailand. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, hematologic indices, renal function, iron status, and thalassemia genotypes were collected. Anemia was defined according to World Health Organization criteria. Factors associated with anemia were evaluated using multivariable logistic regression analysis, and adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported. Results: The prevalence of anemia was 54.3%. Thalassemia and related hemoglobinopathies were present in 60.5% of participants, and iron deficiency in 39.5%. Independent predictors of anemia included two or more α-globin gene defects or Hb E co-inherited with α-thalassemia (adjusted OR: 37.8; p = 0.002), Hb E trait (OR: 3.6; p = 0.006), iron deficiency (OR: 3.7; p < 0.001), and chronic kidney disease stages 2 (OR: 3.5; p = 0.002) and 3–4 (OR: 15.7; p < 0.001). Conclusion: Anemia was highly prevalent among patients with T2DM in this community-based cohort from northeastern Thailand. Thalassemia-related genotypes, iron deficiency, and chronic kidney disease were significantly associated with anemia. These findings highlight the importance of considering inherited hemoglobin disorders when evaluating anemia in T2DM patients in hemoglobinopathy-endemic regions.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Doctor of Philosophy in Medical Sciences Program, Graduate School, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand",
    "The Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen Universyugbity, Khon Kaen, Thailand",
    "Nonsaad Hospital, Udon Thani, Thailand"
  ],
  "article_type": "Research Article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Khomsan Yooyen"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Seubsiri Bunditpirom"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Supan Fucharoen"
    },
    {
      "name": "Attawut Chaibunruang"
    },
    {
      "name": "Hataichanok Srivorakun"
    },
    {
      "name": "Supawadee Yamsri"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0b7v1t25gjhfx.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0358120",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "0b7v1t25gjhfx",
  "issns": [
    "1932-6203"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0358120",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2716|Hemoglobinopathies and Related Disorders"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Nutrition/Nutritional deficiencies/Iron deficiency"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Clinical genetics/Genetic diseases/Autosomal recessive diseases/Thalassemia"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Endocrinology/Endocrine disorders/Diabetes mellitus"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Hematology/Anemia"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Hematology/Anemia/Iron deficiency anemia"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Hematology/Hemoglobinopathies"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Hematology/Hemoglobinopathies/Thalassemia"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Medical conditions/Genetic diseases/Autosomal recessive diseases/Thalassemia"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Medical conditions/Metabolic disorders/Diabetes mellitus"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Nephrology/Renal diseases/Chronic kidney disease"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Nutrition/Nutritional deficiencies/Iron deficiency"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/People and places/Geographical locations/Asia/Thailand"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7213368367",
  "pdf_url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0358120&type=printable",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-15",
  "publisher": "Public Library of Science",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0b7v1t25gjhfx.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:49Z",
      "native_id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0358120",
      "source": "plos",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0358120"
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "plos:endocrinology",
      "subfield": "endocrinology-metabolism"
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    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "plos:nutrition",
      "subfield": "nutrition"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Prevalence and factors associated with anemia among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in northeastern Thailand: A cross-sectional study",
  "title_text": "Prevalence and factors associated with anemia among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in northeastern Thailand: A cross-sectional study",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:49Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0b7v1t25gjhfx",
  "venue": "PLOS One",
  "versions": []
}