{
  "abstract": "This study evaluated electrospun membranes based on chitosan (CTH)/polyethylene oxide (PEO) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/CTH blends with titanium dioxide (TiO2), which were cross-linked for treatment with Reactive Red 195 dye. Characterization included SEM, FTIR, DSC, and TGA, while performance was assessed via photoelectrochemical degradation and electrocatalysis. Glutaraldehyde cross-linking was applied to CTH/PEO/TiO2, and citric acid with heat treatment to PVA/CTH/TiO2. SEM showed that CTH/PEO/TiO2 membranes had partial cross-linking and poor wet stability, whereas PVA/CTH/TiO2 exhibited satisfactory stability. FTIR confirmed structural changes in organic groups after cross-linking. DSC revealed reduced melting points for PEO and PVA, indicating cross-linking. TGA demonstrated improved thermal stability for both fiber types. In electrochemical tests, the cross-linked chitosan electrodes were non-conductive and unsuitable for photoelectrochemical degradation. The non-cross-linked electrode achieved 60% dye removal, but adsorption contributed significantly, so results could not be attributed solely to degradation. In photodegradation assays, crosslinked CTH/PEO/TiO2 membranes adsorbed 75% of the dye before light exposure and showed only 22% additional removal under irradiation. Non-crosslinked PVA/CTH/TiO2 membranes dissolved in the medium, making the tests invalid. Overall, cross-linking enhanced stability and adsorption but limited electrochemical applicability, highlighting the need to balance structural integrity and functional performance in membrane-based dye treatment systems.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Research Group on Electrospinning, Nanomaterials, Polymers, Electrochemistry, and Catalysis, Center of Engineering and Exact Sciences, State University of Western Paraná—UNIOESTE, Toledo 85903-000, Brazil",
    "Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá—UEM, Maringá 87020-900, Brazil"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 5,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Fabiana da Silva Lima Cardoso"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Ariane Regina de Souza Rossin",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-2327-8702"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Nathan José Serafini Kuhn"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Josiane Caetano"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Douglas Cardoso Dragunski"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0bd5rmzwkj022.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/molecules31213943",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "0bd5rmzwkj022",
  "issns": [
    "1420-3049"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/31/21/3943",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [],
  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-11-02",
  "publisher": "MDPI AG",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0bd5rmzwkj022.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-04T00:24:01Z",
      "native_id": "10.3390/molecules31213943",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/31/21/3943"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "issn:1420-3049",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Effect of Cross-Linking on the Structural, Thermal, and Photocatalytic Properties of Electrospun Chitosan-Based Membranes with TiO2 for the Heterogeneous Photocatalysis of Dyes",
  "title_text": "Effect of Cross-Linking on the Structural, Thermal, and Photocatalytic Properties of Electrospun Chitosan-Based Membranes with TiO2 for the Heterogeneous Photocatalysis of Dyes",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-05T00:20:53Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0bd5rmzwkj022",
  "venue": "Molecules",
  "versions": []
}