{
  "abstract": "Image scanning microscopy (ISM) is emerging as the natural evolution of confocal laser-scanning microscopy, combining optical sectioning and a two-fold improvement in lateral resolution with high signal-to-noise ratio. Single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) array detectors enable an effective implementation of ISM by recording a micro-image at each scan position with single-photon sensitivity, negligible readout noise, and without the fixed frame-readout constraints of conventional cameras. Nevertheless, SPAD array-based ISM remains largely confined to laboratories with expertise in microscope development. Here, we present BrightEyes-Scope, a reference implementation of a SPAD array-based ISM system. We provide step-by-step guidelines for optical design, system construction, alignment, calibration, data acquisition, and image reconstruction. Presented as a complete ISM microscope, BrightEyes-Scope also serves as a reference for upgrading existing laser-scanning microscopes. We anticipate that it will accelerate the adoption of ISM for quantitative super-resolution imaging.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia"
  ],
  "article_type": "New results",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "L. LE"
    },
    {
      "name": "A. Zunino"
    },
    {
      "name": "E. Slenders"
    },
    {
      "name": "A. Bucci"
    },
    {
      "name": "M. Donato"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "G. Vicidomini"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0bmd7s68jgc8c.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.64898/2026.09.30.755689",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.30.755689v1.full",
  "id": "0bmd7s68jgc8c",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.30.755689v1",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "biorxiv",
      "bioengineering"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "1304|Advanced Fluorescence Microscopy Techniques"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7216421538",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.30.755689v1.full.pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-30",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0bmd7s68jgc8c.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:25:46Z",
      "native_id": "10.64898/2026.09.30.755689",
      "source": "biorxiv",
      "url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.30.755689v1"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "biorxiv:bioengineering",
      "subfield": "systems-synthetic"
    }
  ],
  "title": "BrightEyes-Scope: A Reference Implementation for Image Scanning Microscopy with SPAD Array Detection",
  "title_text": "BrightEyes-Scope: A Reference Implementation for Image Scanning Microscopy with SPAD Array Detection",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:25:46Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0bmd7s68jgc8c",
  "venue": "bioRxiv",
  "versions": []
}