{
  "abstract": "Background: Benzophenone-1 (BP-1) is a benzophenone ultraviolet absorber used in cosmetic and personal care products. Although BP-1 exhibits estrogenic activity, its broader effects in breast cancer remain unclear. This study investigated the molecular and cellular responses associated with BP-1 exposure.\n\nMethods: Integrated computational analyses were used to identify core targets and determine their cellular distribution. Molecular modeling evaluated BP-1–target binding. Macrophage polarization and secretion were assessed by immunofluorescence, RT-qPCR, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and western blotting. The effects of macrophage-conditioned medium on breast cancer cells were examined using proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition assays.\n\nResults: PLAUR was identified as the core BP-1-related candidate and was prominently expressed in macrophages. BP-1 increased expression of uPAR, the protein encoded by PLAUR, and shifted macrophages toward an M2-like phenotype. Conditioned medium from these macrophages enhanced malignant phenotypes in breast cancer cells.\n\nConclusion: This study identifies a macrophage-associated response to BP-1 exposure that may contribute to malignant phenotypes in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer, with PLAUR/uPAR as a candidate mediator. These findings provide a basis for further mechanistic and in vivo studies.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Breast Disease Center, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China",
    "Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China",
    "College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 5,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Binglu He"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Longying Ding"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Xiaolu Yang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Tianqi Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Li Ma"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0by7v2b0wbf2b.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fmolb.2026.1946836",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13710061/",
  "id": "0by7v2b0wbf2b",
  "issns": [
    "2296-889X"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fmolb.2026.1946836",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Original Research"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2403|Immune cells in cancer"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221600764",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/molecular-biosciences/articles/10.3389/fmolb.2026.1946836/pdf",
  "pmcid": "PMC13710061",
  "pmid": "42947877",
  "published": "2026-10-13",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0by7v2b0wbf2b.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T12:21:06Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13710061",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fmolb.2026.1946836"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "openalex:2403|Immune cells in cancer",
      "subfield": "immunology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Macrophage reprogramming by the ultraviolet filter benzophenone-1 promotes malignant phenotypes in breast cancer cells: integrated computational and experimental evidence",
  "title_text": "Macrophage reprogramming by the ultraviolet filter benzophenone-1 promotes malignant phenotypes in breast cancer cells: integrated computational and experimental evidence",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-31T12:21:06Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0by7v2b0wbf2b",
  "venue": "Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences",
  "versions": []
}