{
  "abstract": "Background\n\nDiabetic kidney disease (DKD), a primary contributor to end-stage renal disease, involves a complex interplay between oxidative stress and inflammation. Given the reported involvement of apoptosis-antagonizing transcription factor (AATF) in cellular stress and inflammatory responses, we investigated whether the anti-inflammatory effects of tRF-15:31-Arg-CCT-3-1 (tRF-15:31) are mediated through the regulation of AATF expression.Methods\n\nThe expression and biological effects of tRF-15:31 were investigated in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DKD mice and high-glucose (HG)-treated renal mesangial cells. The involvement of AATF was examined through tRF-15:31 and AATF overexpression and siRNA-mediated knockdown of AATF.Results\n\nReduced expression of tRF-15:31 was observed in both STZ-induced DKD mice and HG-treated renal mesangial cells and was associated with aggravated intrarenal inflammation and oxidative stress. Overexpression of tRF-15:31 in diabetic mice significantly reduced serum creatinine levels and 24-h urinary protein excretion and alleviated renal pathological injury. Both in vivo and in vitro, tRF-15:31 overexpression markedly downregulated pro-inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, including IL-6, MCP-1, TNF-α, and malondialdehyde (MDA), while upregulating antioxidant factors such as glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4). AATF expression was significantly elevated in STZ-induced DKD mice, whereas this upregulation was markedly suppressed by tRF-15:31 overexpression. In HG-treated mesangial cells, co-overexpression of tRF-15:31 and AATF reversed the protective effects of tRF-15:31 overexpression alone. Furthermore, siRNA-mediated knockdown of AATF significantly attenuated HG-induced inflammation and oxidative stress.Conclusion\n\nCollectively, these findings suggest that tRF-15:31 attenuates inflammation and oxidative stress in the STZ-induced DKD model, at least in part through regulation of AATF expression. These findings provide additional mechanistic evidence for tRF-mediated regulation in DKD and support further investigation of the biological significance of the tRF-15:31-AATF regulatory relationship.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.",
    "Department of Nephrology and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.",
    "Department of Pediatrics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 10,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Beibei Ning",
      "orcid": "0009-0001-1407-5295"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Chan Huang",
      "orcid": "0009-0009-1731-5360"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Xuewei Liu",
      "orcid": "0009-0008-2041-2551"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Yunyang Qiao",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7189-3166"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Jialing Ji",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2762-1283"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Huimin Shi",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6970-5752"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Gaoting Qu",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0758-5331"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yajie Zhao",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3443-1322"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Weihua Gan",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4649-2368"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Aiqing Zhang",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5359-8657"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0defz8aa9nqv0.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1002/iid3.70561",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13678860",
  "id": "0defz8aa9nqv0",
  "issns": [
    "2050-4527"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42895210",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2727|Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7222963513",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13678860?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13678860",
  "pmid": "42895210",
  "published": "2026-10-01",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0defz8aa9nqv0.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:37Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42895210",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42895210"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2727|Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "tRF-15:31-Arg-CCT-3-1 Improves Diabetic Kidney Disease by Reducing AATF and Alleviating Mesangial Cell Oxidative Stress and Inflammation.",
  "title_text": "tRF-15:31-Arg-CCT-3-1 Improves Diabetic Kidney Disease by Reducing AATF and Alleviating Mesangial Cell Oxidative Stress and Inflammation.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:19:37Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0defz8aa9nqv0",
  "venue": "Immunity, inflammation and disease",
  "versions": []
}