{
  "abstract": "Background/Objectives: Acute gouty arthritis (AGA) is an auto-inflammatory disorder characterized by dysregulated innate immune activation and overactive NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3)/Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) inflammatory signaling. While adverse effects limit current therapies, the mechanism by which sunflower receptacle extract (SPE) alleviates gout remains unclear. Methods: This study investigated the anti-inflammatory mechanism of SPE in a male SPF-grade SD rat model of AGA induced by intra-articular monosodium urate crystals. Rats were orally administered SPE or colchicine, and ankle joint swelling, synovial histopathology, serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β(IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and synovial protein expression were assessed. Western blotting was used to assess the expression of the high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB-1), TLR4, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways, as well as the activation of NLRP3. Results: Compared to the AGA group, treatment with colchicine and SPE significantly reduced ankle joint swelling, improved inflammatory infiltration in synovial tissue, and lowered serum levels of inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 (p < 0.05, p < 0.01). They also markedly decreased the expression of HMGB-1 and proteins in the TLR4, nuclear factor-ĸB (NF-ĸB), and MAPK pathways in joint synovial tissue (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.001). Conclusions: SPE markedly reduced joint swelling and synovial inflammatory infiltration, lowered serum TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels, and decreased synovial expression of HMGB-1, TLR4, MyD88, TRAF6, and NF-ĸB. Moreover, SPE suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome assembly and MAPK pathway activation. These results indicate that SPE mitigates AGA by inhibiting the HMGB-1-TLR4-NLRP3 inflammatory axis.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China",
    "Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China",
    "Dong-E Ejiao Health Industry Technology Co., Ltd., Liaocheng 252201, China"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 5,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Zhiman Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Zhilong Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Xiaohui Huo"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Xinyuan Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yinshi Sun",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1889-4984"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0e0dyrk2kshwg.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/nu18193290",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13667103/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "0e0dyrk2kshwg",
  "issns": [
    "2072-6643"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13667103",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2727|Gout, Hyperuricemia, Uric Acid"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7220832303",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13667103/pdf/?tool=EBI",
  "pmcid": "PMC13667103",
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-01",
  "publisher": "MDPI AG",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0e0dyrk2kshwg.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:35Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13667103",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13667103"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:56Z",
      "native_id": "10.3390/nu18193290",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/18/19/3290"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "issn:2072-6643",
      "subfield": "nutrition"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Sunflower Receptacle Extract Alleviates Acute Gouty Arthritis via HMGB1-TLR4-NLRP3 Inflammatory Pathway",
  "title_text": "Sunflower Receptacle Extract Alleviates Acute Gouty Arthritis via HMGB1-TLR4-NLRP3 Inflammatory Pathway",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:19:56Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0e0dyrk2kshwg",
  "venue": "Nutrients",
  "versions": []
}