{
  "abstract": "Background/Objectives: Chronic low-grade inflammation contributes to chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression and cardiovascular complications. Although nutritional therapy is central to CKD management, the estimated anti-inflammatory profiles of renal diets remain poorly characterized. Methods: We analyzed 40 daily menus with broadly comparable, although not identical, energy content (10 per dietary pattern): Mediterranean renal diet (MedRen; 0.8 g protein/kg), vegan diet (0.7 g/kg), conventional low-protein diet (LPD; 0.6 g/kg), and supplemented very-low-protein diet (sVLPD; 0.3 g/kg). Dietary anti-inflammatory potential was estimated using the 17-component empirical Anti-inflammatory Diet Index (eADI-17), with higher scores indicating a more favorable profile. Groups were compared using exploratory non-parametric tests with multiple-comparison correction; nutrient associations were assessed using Spearman correlations with false-discovery-rate correction. Results: Mean eADI-17 scores were 11.90 ± 0.66 for MedRen, 9.75 ± 0.63 for vegan, 8.90 ± 1.10 for LPD, and 8.40 ± 0.52 for sVLPD. MedRen scored higher than all other diets, and vegan scored higher than sVLPD. In pooled analyses, eADI-17 correlated positively with total protein and phosphorus and negatively with vitamin C and total carbohydrate; none of these associations remained significant after accounting for dietary-group membership. Conclusions: The eADI-17-estimated anti-inflammatory potential of renal diets depends on the overall dietary pattern and does not necessarily improve with greater protein restriction. Because eADI-17 is an indirect food-based index and inflammatory biomarkers were not measured, these findings are hypothesis-generating and require validation in studies of actual intake, biomarkers, and clinical outcomes.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 5,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Claudia D’Alessandro",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-2313-5461"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Adamasco Cupisti",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8995-936X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Vincenzo Panichi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Diego Moriconi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Domenico Giannese",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3773-9744"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0efg3b1gs1yae.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/nu18203395",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "0efg3b1gs1yae",
  "issns": [
    "2072-6643"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/18/20/3395",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2727|Dialysis and Renal Disease Management"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7222526945",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-16",
  "publisher": "MDPI AG",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0efg3b1gs1yae.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:56Z",
      "native_id": "10.3390/nu18203395",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/18/20/3395"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "issn:2072-6643",
      "subfield": "nutrition"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Beyond Protein Restriction: Comparative eADI-17-Estimated Anti-Inflammatory Profiles of Four Renal Diets",
  "title_text": "Beyond Protein Restriction: Comparative eADI-17-Estimated Anti-Inflammatory Profiles of Four Renal Diets",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:19:56Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0efg3b1gs1yae",
  "venue": "Nutrients",
  "versions": []
}