{
  "abstract": "Fascial plane blocks (FPBs) are increasingly used in modern regional anaesthesia and differ from conventional nerve blocks by delivering local anesthetic (LA) into interfascial compartments. This approach results in distinct pharmacokinetics with clinically relevant systemic absorption. Pharmacokinetic behavior in FPBs is determined by interactions among patient-related factors, drug properties, adjuvant use, and fascial plane characteristics. High-volume injections, tissue vascularity, and injection technique influence peak plasma concentration and time to peak concentration. Patient variables, such as advanced age, pregnancy, obesity, malnutrition, and organ dysfunction, further increase variability and the risk of toxicity. Epinephrine may reduce the absorption rate and improve safety, whereas dexamethasone and dexmedetomidine mainly prolong analgesia through pharmacodynamic effects. Because systemic absorption is inherent to FPBs, LA systemic toxicity remains a key concern. Individualized dosing, appropriate drug selection, and close monitoring are essential for safe and effective clinical practice.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "University of Health Sciences Türkiye, Ankara Etlik City Hospital, Clinic of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Ankara, Türkiye.",
    "Kocaeli University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Kocaeli, Türkiye.",
    "Sivas Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Sivas, Türkiye.",
    "Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Clinic of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Ankara, Türkiye.",
    "Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, İzmir, Türkiye.",
    "Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, İzmir, Türkiye."
  ],
  "article_type": "review article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 8,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Musa Zengin",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-2249-6521"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Hadi Ufuk Yörükoğlu",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7572-1580"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Oğuz Gündoğdu",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8864-0015"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Aslıhan Aykut",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0382-3494"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Emine Nilgün Zengin",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7653-6405"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Cemre Tokuş",
      "orcid": "0009-0000-7328-6650"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Elif Şule Özdemir Sezgi",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6081-7130"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Onur Küçük",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5534-7579"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0eqfjmfhrsm1e.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.4274/tjar.2026.262464",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13725902",
  "id": "0eqfjmfhrsm1e",
  "issns": [
    "2667-677X",
    "2667-6370"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42968697",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Review Article"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2746|Anesthesia and Pain Management"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7224868665",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13725902?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13725902",
  "pmid": "42968697",
  "published": "2026-10-01",
  "publisher": "Turkish Society of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0eqfjmfhrsm1e.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-03T15:20:53Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42968697",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42968697"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-05T12:22:21Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13725902",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.4274/tjar.2026.262464"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2746|Anesthesia and Pain Management",
      "subfield": "surgery"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Pharmacokinetics of Local Anesthetics in Fascial Plane Blocks: Clinical Implications and Safety Considerations-A Narrative Review.",
  "title_text": "Pharmacokinetics of Local Anesthetics in Fascial Plane Blocks: Clinical Implications and Safety Considerations-A Narrative Review.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-06T12:21:59Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0eqfjmfhrsm1e",
  "venue": "Turkish journal of anaesthesiology and reanimation",
  "versions": []
}