{
  "abstract": "6-Chloronicotinic acid (6-ClNA) is a major metabolite of chloropyridinyl neonicotinoids in humans; however, its toxic effect on blood vessel development remains to be understood. In this study, we utilized a humanized blood vessel organoid (hBVO) model and single-cell transcriptomics technology to investigate the impact of 6-ClNA exposure on hBVO development. Morphologically, 6-ClNA did not significantly alter the growth of hBVO throughout 20 days of culture. Interestingly, single-cell transcriptomic analyses revealed that 6-ClNA-treated hBVOs exhibited significant imbalance in cell subpopulation homeostasis, including impaired endothelial cell function and abnormal proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. This was echoed by the morphological changes in the aortic arch and abdominal aorta of mice after acute exposure to 6-ClNA. Enrichment analysis showed that 6-ClNA exposure affected critical biological processes in a cell-type-specific manner, such as vascular developmental signaling, cellular energy metabolism, protein homeostasis, and hemodynamic responses. In addition, trajectory analysis suggested that 6-ClNA altered the differentiation trajectory of vascular progenitors. Together, our study profiles the toxicity of 6-ClNA on blood vessel development in a humanized 3D model at single-cell resolution, which provides important and detailed evidence for understanding the potential risk of early life exposure to chloropyridinyl neonicotinoids.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Neurology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Wuhan 430033, China.",
    "Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.",
    "Department of Research Development, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.",
    "School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.",
    "Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430060, China.",
    "School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 9,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Siyi Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Xianghui Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Kailun Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Shi Tang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Xia Sheng"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Shunqing Xu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yahang Lin"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Mingxi Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Fengzhen Cui",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4014-264X"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0gm41xft1qshw.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1021/envhealth.6c00026",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13681433",
  "id": "0gm41xft1qshw",
  "issns": [
    "2833-8278"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42903721",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "1110|Pesticide Exposure and Toxicity"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7163345064",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13681433?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13681433",
  "pmid": "42903721",
  "published": "2026-06-03",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0gm41xft1qshw.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:59Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42903721",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42903721"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "openalex:1110|Pesticide Exposure and Toxicity",
      "subfield": "plant-biology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Single-Cell Transcriptomic Profiling of Human Blood Vessel Organoids Exposed to 6‑Chloronicotinic Acid.",
  "title_text": "Single-Cell Transcriptomic Profiling of Human Blood Vessel Organoids Exposed to 6‑Chloronicotinic Acid.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:19:59Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0gm41xft1qshw",
  "venue": "Environment & health (Washington, D.C.)",
  "versions": []
}