{
  "abstract": "This paper investigates polarization-aware transmission for multi-user multiple-input single-output (MU-MISO) short-packet ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC) under imperfect channel state information (CSI). We consider a system in which the base station (BS) and users are equipped with polarization-reconfigurable antennas that enable adaptive polarization states through controllable polarization coefficients. A multi-objective optimization problem is formulated to jointly maximize the finite-blocklength (FBL) achievable sum rate and minimize the maximum decoding error probability (DEP), subject to transmit-power, latency, reliability, and discrete polarization-control constraints. The resulting multi-objective problem is scalarized using a normalized weighted-sum utility. To enable low-complexity online decision-making, a heterogeneous graph neural network (GNN) is developed to learn the joint mapping from estimated polarized CSI to digital beamforming and transmit/receive polarforming vectors (PFVs) while accounting for the system constraints. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed GNN-based polarforming (PF) framework substantially improves the FBL sum rate while reducing the maximum DEP compared with conventional fixed-polarization schemes, particularly under channel depolarization and imperfect CSI. This highlights the potential of adaptive polarization control for reliable low-latency transmission.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2609.14006",
  "author_total": 7,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Zahra Mehrzad"
    },
    {
      "name": "Hamed Aghaei-Karkaj"
    },
    {
      "name": "Rahman Saadat Yeganeh"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kamran Ebrahimi"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mohammad Robat Mili"
    },
    {
      "name": "Symeon Chatzinotas"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ioannis Krikidis"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0hb6yz9sk4rt3.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2609.14006",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "0hb6yz9sk4rt3",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.14006",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "LicenseRef-arXiv-nonexclusive-1.0",
  "licence_label": "arXiv licence",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "cs.IT"
    ],
    [
      "arxiv",
      "math.IT"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2208|Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7213288979",
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.14006",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-12",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0hb6yz9sk4rt3.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:21:29Z",
      "native_id": "2609.14006",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.14006"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "mathematics",
      "origin": "arxiv:math.IT",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "GNN-Based Polarforming for Multi-User MISO Short-Packet URLLC under Imperfect CSI",
  "title_text": "GNN-Based Polarforming for Multi-User MISO Short-Packet URLLC under Imperfect CSI",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:21:29Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0hb6yz9sk4rt3",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": []
}