{
  "abstract": "Background: Serum immunoglobulin reference intervals vary by age, ethnicity, and environment, limiting the clinical utility of international guidelines for Brazilian pediatric patients. This study established age-specific reference intervals for serum IgG, IgA, and IgM concentrations in healthy Brazilian children and adolescents, focusing on defining precise trajectories across distinct developmental stages.\n\nMethods: Serum samples from 2,911 healthy individuals aged 1 month to 17 years were analyzed. Serum IgG, IgA, and IgM concentrations were measured by rate immunoturbidimetry standardized against international reference materials and evaluated using percentile-based analyses and quantile regression modeling across age-stratified cohorts.\n\nResults: Immunoglobulin concentrations varied substantially across age groups. Median IgG levels increased from 3.65 g/L (2.5th percentile: 2.25 g/L) at 1–3 months to 11.66 g/L (2.5th percentile: 7.69 g/L) at 13–17 years, with parallel age-related increases observed for IgA and IgM. The most pronounced changes occurred during infancy. Although early-life immunoglobulin dynamics did not entirely align with traditional trajectories, they suggested population-specific variations in humoral immune maturation.\n\nConclusions: This study establishes the first comprehensive, population-specific reference intervals for serum immunoglobulins in Brazilian youth from early infancy through adolescence. By documenting unexpected deviations from traditional early-life trajectories, our study provides a critical benchmark for Brazilian pediatric care and a model framework for Latin American populations.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of Sao Paulo (Unifesp)",
    "Department of Pediatrics, University of Taubate"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 10,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Cristina Frias Sartorelli Toledo Piza"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Carolina Sanchez Aranda"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Ligia Maria de Oliveira Machado"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Celso Mendanha"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Maria Candida Faria Varanda Rizzo"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Rafaela Rola Leite Guimaraes"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Mariana Pimentel Gouveia-Pereira"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Fernanda Aimée Nobre"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Ana Carolina da Matta Ain"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Antonio Condino-Neto"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0jcjzsgbgc5v9.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fimmu.2026.1969584",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13709999/",
  "id": "0jcjzsgbgc5v9",
  "issns": [
    "1664-3224"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1969584/full",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Original Research"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2737|Clinical Laboratory Practices and Quality Control"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221660454",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1969584/pdf",
  "pmcid": "PMC13709999",
  "pmid": "42947674",
  "published": "2026-10-13",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0jcjzsgbgc5v9.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:15Z",
      "native_id": "10.3389/fimmu.2026.1969584",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1969584/full"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T12:21:03Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13709999",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1969584"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2737|Clinical Laboratory Practices and Quality Control",
      "subfield": "physiology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Age-specific reference intervals for serum IgG, IgA, and IgM in healthy Brazilian children and adolescents",
  "title_text": "Age-specific reference intervals for serum IgG, IgA, and IgM in healthy Brazilian children and adolescents",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-31T12:21:03Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0jcjzsgbgc5v9",
  "venue": "Frontiers in Immunology",
  "versions": []
}