{
  "abstract": "Objective: Torsional nystagmus during the Dix–Hallpike maneuver represents a cardinal vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) sign in posterior-canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (pc-BPPV). This study develops an interpretable framework for automated classification of torsional nystagmus direction and temporal localization of abnormal events from clinical infrared recordings.\n\nMethods: Infrared Dix–Hallpike videos were processed via You Only Look Once version 8 nano (YOLOv8n) pupil localization, dynamic iris masking, and Recurrent All-Pairs Field Transforms (RAFT) optical flow. Flow vectors were projected into pupil-centered polar coordinates to extract tangential and radial motion features. A bidirectional gated recurrent unit with attention (BiGRU-attention) network performed segment-level three-class classification with sliding-window patient-level inference.\n\nResults: Five-fold cross-validation yielded segment-level accuracy of 94.19% ± 0.88% with balanced F1-scores across all three classes. On an independent 45-patient long-video test set, patient-level accuracy reached 97.78% at 60 frames per second (fps) and 100% (45/45) at 30 fps. Temporal localization achieved mean intersection-over-union (IoU) of 0.899 and 0.896, with hit rates of 96.8 and 100%, respectively.\n\nConclusion: The polar-flow framework enables physiologically interpretable and robust classification of pc-BPPV-related torsional-upbeat nystagmus. By explicitly decomposing eye movements into tangential and radial components, it provides reliable lateralization while demonstrating the potential for clinically meaningful temporal localization of abnormal nystagmus events.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "School of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University , ,",
    "Affiliated Wenzhou People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Wenzhou People’s Hospital, Third Clinical College of Wenzhou Medical University , , ,"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 10,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yanjun Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Xiaomin Xu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Lidan Gao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Qiqi Shao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Jie Chen"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Wenhuan Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Xiaoqing Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Congcong Sun"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Shike Hou"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Xiaokai Yang"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0kr4s7cgxhpek.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fneur.2026.1963383",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13671929/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "0kr4s7cgxhpek",
  "issns": [
    "1664-2295"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13671929",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2808|Vestibular and auditory disorders"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7215075791",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13671929/pdf/?tool=EBI",
  "pmcid": "PMC13671929",
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-02",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0kr4s7cgxhpek.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:18Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13671929",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13671929"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:16Z",
      "native_id": "10.3389/fneur.2026.1963383",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2026.1963383/full"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2808|Vestibular and auditory disorders",
      "subfield": "neurology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Interpretable polar-flow decomposition for torsional nystagmus lateralization in posterior-canal BPPV",
  "title_text": "Interpretable polar-flow decomposition for torsional nystagmus lateralization in posterior-canal BPPV",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:20:16Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0kr4s7cgxhpek",
  "venue": "Frontiers in neurology",
  "versions": []
}