{
  "abstract": "Countermovement jumps are usually tested as self-initiated maximal efforts, although many sport actions require athletes to react to an external event and still jump as high as possible. Background and Objectives: We examined how this rapid-initiation requirement was associated with CMJ mechanics, whether the pattern was similar across levels of basketball-specific experience, and whether arm swing altered the response. Methods: Forty-four men (15 physically active non-basketball controls, 15 mid-level basketball players, and 14 high-level basketball players) performed countermovement jumps with and without arm swing in four fixed-order blocks. Trial-level linear mixed-effects models included 564 valid attempts. Results: In the signal-initiated blocks, movement time was 0.091 s shorter (95% CI -0.103 to -0.078) and jump height was 1.63 cm lower (95% CI -2.04 to -1.21). Unloading (-0.069 s), braking (-0.011 s), and propulsion (-0.010 s) were all shorter; countermovement depth decreased, peak downward speed increased, and net propulsive impulse fell by 0.052 N s/kg despite a small increase in mean net propulsive force. Movement time decreased in all six group-by-jump cells. The jump-height reduction was statistically clear at the group level but small and of uncertain practical relevance for individuals. Basketball-specific experience did not clearly moderate the main condition effects. Arm swing reduced the movement-time difference by 0.043 s but did not clearly reduce the jump-height difference. Conclusion: The rapid-initiation condition was associated with a broad reorganization of movement timing and force-time strategy, with a smaller change in endpoint performance. Because the conditions were always performed in the same order, these findings should be interpreted as fixed-order condition differences and confirmed in counterbalanced designs.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Belgrade, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Branislav Božović",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-9021-8959"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jelena Aleksić",
      "orcid": "0009-0000-8914-4825"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Radivoj Mandić"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Miloš Mudrić"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Olivera M Knežević",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-8924-4420"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Dragan M Mirkov",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2395-9500"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0kty3ts5g4eg6.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/jfmk11040406",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13692427",
  "id": "0kty3ts5g4eg6",
  "issns": [
    "2411-5142"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42924685",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2732|Sports Performance and Training"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7220447452",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13692427?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13692427",
  "pmid": "42924685",
  "published": "2026-10-04",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0kty3ts5g4eg6.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:36Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42924685",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42924685"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2732|Sports Performance and Training",
      "subfield": "surgery"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Reactive Countermovement Jump Mechanics Across Basketball Experience Levels.",
  "title_text": "Reactive Countermovement Jump Mechanics Across Basketball Experience Levels.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:20:36Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0kty3ts5g4eg6",
  "venue": "Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology",
  "versions": []
}