{
  "abstract": "Lead-free zero-dimensional (0D) hybrid halide perovskites A₂SnX₆ are promising candidates for stable deep-UV optoelectronics; however, the chloride end-members of the series remain underexplored. This study presents a comprehensive structural, optical, and electrical characterization of the vacancy-ordered hybrid hexachlorostannate, (CH₃NH₃)₂[SnCl₆], synthesized via controlled slow evaporation. Single crystal X-ray diffraction, combined with Raman spectroscopy, shows that this hybrid halide has a trigonal structure (space group R3̄m) composed of isolated [SnCl₆]²⁻ octahedra dynamically coupled to methylammonium cations via a robust N-H⋯Cl hydrogen-bonding network. Optical absorption analysis reveals behaviour characteristic of wide-bandgap semiconductor, dominated by ligand-to-metal charge-transfer (LMCT) transitions. Tauc and Urbach analyses yield a direct optical bandgap of ∼3.54 eV and an Urbach energy of 0.17 eV, highlighting the role of dynamic cation disorder in broadening the absorption edge. Furthermore, temperature-dependent impedance spectroscopy (323-413 K) demonstrates thermally activated small-polaron hopping. The AC conductivity is rigorously described by the Correlated Barrier Hopping (CBH) model (W M = 0.201 eV, E a = 0.30 eV). The frequency exponent decreases monotonically with temperature, confirming that charge transport is governed by coulombically correlated hopping between localized Sn-centered states, heavily modulated by grain boundary resistance and organic sublattice dynamics. These findings establish (CH₃NH₃)₂[SnCl₆] as a structurally robust, lead-free reference material, offering a tunable platform for deep-UV photodetection and wavelength-selective optoelectronic applications.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Laboratory of Spectroscopic Characterization and Optical Materials, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax B.P. 1171 Sfax 3000 Tunisia oueslatiabderrazek@yahoo.fr.",
    "Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Elmergib University Libya.",
    "Department of Physics, Al-Qunfudah University College, Umm Al-Qura University Mecca Saudi Arabia.",
    "Institut des Molécules et Matériaux Du Mans (IMMM), UMR-6283 CNRS, Le Mans Université Avenue Olivier Messiaen F-72085 Le Mans Cedex 9 France gwenael.corbel@univ-lemans.fr.",
    "Interfaces, Confinement, Matériaux et Nanostructures (ICMN), UMR-7374 CNRS, Université D'Orléans 3 Avenue de la Recherche Scientifique Orléans Cedex 45071 France."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 8,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Imen Ibrahmi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Saber Nasri",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-8978-6641"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Rima Mohammed Altalib",
      "orcid": "0009-0004-5266-9854"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Wael Z El-Sayad"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Sandy Auguste",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3777-9527"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Jean-François Bardeau",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-9240-3381"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Gwenael Corbel",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-2605-7702"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Abderrazek Oueslati",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3221-3401"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0mc3s2h61bxqc.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1039/d6ra08270j",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13673415",
  "id": "0mc3s2h61bxqc",
  "issns": [
    "2046-2069"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42891169",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Chemistry"
    ],
    [
      "lcc",
      "QD1-999"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2208|Perovskite Materials and Applications"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7222510657",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13673415?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13673415",
  "pmid": "42891169",
  "published": "2026-10-16",
  "publisher": "The Royal Society of Chemistry",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0mc3s2h61bxqc.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:46Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42891169",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42891169"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T14:22:35Z",
      "native_id": "0f1db0ba6fe04c42b340cc3ac52585d4",
      "source": "doaj",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1039/d6ra08270j"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-01T12:23:40Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13673415",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1039/d6ra08270j"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "heading:Chemistry",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Crystal structure of the rhombohedral vacancy-ordered perovskite (CH₃NH₃)₂[SnCl₆] for deep-UV optoelectronic applications.",
  "title_text": "Crystal structure of the rhombohedral vacancy-ordered perovskite (CH₃NH₃)₂[SnCl₆] for deep-UV optoelectronic applications.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-02T12:20:54Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0mc3s2h61bxqc",
  "venue": "RSC advances",
  "versions": []
}