{
  "abstract": "Diagnosing leptospirosis and assessing test accuracy are challenging because no single method can reliably identify true infection across all stages, thereby preventing the establishment of a definitive gold standard. This study analyzes the performance of ELISA-IgM, DPP® Leptospirosis rapid test, and MAT using Latent Class Analysis (LCA) to infer infection status in the absence of an absolute reference standard. Samples from 430 individuals were included, whose diagnoses had been performed in reference laboratories in four states of Brazil. In the first stage of the analysis, 215 samples comprised the dataset used to estimate the two-latent-class model (“infected” and “not infected”). The latent status obtained was then used to estimate the accuracy of the tests in the second group of 215 individuals. ELISA-IgM, although highly sensitive (100%), showed low specificity (48.62%). MAT, in contrast, had high specificity (97.25%) but reduced sensitivity (69.81%). The DPP® Leptospirosis rapid test demonstrated a more balanced performance between sensitivity (82.08%) and specificity (90.83%). The results reinforce the need for combined diagnostic strategies to optimize leptospirosis detection, highlight the potential contribution of rapid testing in settings with limited laboratory infrastructure, and underscore the importance of improving the accuracy of currently available assays.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei",
    "Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Carlos Chagas",
    "Universidade Federal da Bahia, Departamento de Estatística, Instituto de Matemática e Estatística",
    "Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Referência Nacional para Leptospirose/Laboratório de Zoonoses Bacterianas",
    "Ministério da Saúde do Brasil, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde de Ambiente",
    "Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Centro de Bacteriologia",
    "Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Instituto Otávio Magalhães",
    "Instituto Evandro Chagas, Seção de Bacteriologia e Micologia, Laboratório de Enteroinfecções Bacterianas"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 19,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Renata Aparecida Nascimento Ribeiro"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Tiago Silveira Gontijo"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Fabiano Borges Figueiredo"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Heber Paulino Pena"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Leila Denise Alves Ferreira Amorim"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Michelle Pereira Vale dos Passos"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Alexsandro Sobreira Galdino"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Ana Alice Maia Gonçalves"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Carolina Alves Petit Couto"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Isadora Braga Gandra"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Kátia Eliane Santos Avelar"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Ilana Teruszkin Balassiano"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Gilcelia Correia Santos Bernardes"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Lidsy Ximenes Fonseca"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Roberta Morozetti Blanco"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Max Assunção Correia"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Cintya de Oliveira Souza"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Elaine Santos Lima"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Vinícius Silva Belo"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0mhh1fd71tfn5.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1038/s41598-026-63621-w",
  "fulltext_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-63621-w",
  "id": "0mhh1fd71tfn5",
  "issns": [
    "2045-2322"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-63621-w",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "lcc",
      "Q"
    ],
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      "lcc",
      "R"
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      "openalex",
      "2405|Leptospirosis research and findings"
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  "pdf_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-63621-w_reference.pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-07-01",
  "publisher": "Nature Portfolio",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0mhh1fd71tfn5.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T13:45:54Z",
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      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-63621-w"
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "openalex:2405|Leptospirosis research and findings",
      "subfield": "microbiology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Diagnostic validity of ELISA-IgM, DPP® rapid test, and MAT for leptospirosis diagnosis in Brazilian reference laboratories: a latent class analysis",
  "title_text": "Diagnostic validity of ELISA-IgM, DPP® rapid test, and MAT for leptospirosis diagnosis in Brazilian reference laboratories: a latent class analysis",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T13:45:54Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0mhh1fd71tfn5",
  "venue": "Scientific Reports",
  "versions": []
}