{
  "abstract": "Objectives In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), people living with haemophilia (PWH) remain on on-demand factor replacement therapy and present with haemophilic arthropathy. This two-arm cross-sectional study compared serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and C‑reactive protein (CRP) levels between patients with severe haemophilia A and healthy controls and explored their association with clinical indices of joint health. Materials and methods We measured serum VEGF and CRP in 50 male patients with severe haemophilia A and 50 age-matched healthy male controls. Joint status was assessed by the Haemophilia Joint Health Score (HJHS), Functional Independence Score in Haemophilia (FISH), and annual bleed rate (ABR). Comparisons used nonparametric tests; diagnostic performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves; and correlations were analysed with Spearman's rho. Results Median age of the patient cohort was 11.5 years (range 4-25 years). Mean VEGF (85.11 ± 9.01 pg/mL) and CRP (1032.58 ± 242.88 pg/mL) levels were significantly higher in PWH than in controls (VEGF 56.9 ± 17.1 pg/mL, CRP 140.26 ± 37.24 pg/mL; both p<0.001). ROC analysis showed fair discrimination between cases and controls for VEGF (area under the curve or AUC 0.792) and CRP (AUC 0.775); optimal cut offs were 68.85 pg/mL for VEGF and 210.03 pg/mL for CRP. VEGF and CRP correlated significantly with FISH and CRP correlated positively with ABR. Conclusion Serum VEGF and CRP are elevated in severe haemophilia A and show fair ability to distinguish PWH from healthy controls. Longitudinal studies can help establish the feasibility of these biomarkers in predictive models for joint bleeding.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Haematology/Haematology oncology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, IND.",
    "Clinical Haematology, Medical College, Kolkata, Kolkata, IND.",
    "Clinical Haematology and Cellular Therapies, Tata Medical Center, Kolkata, IND."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Sukrita Bhattacharjee"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Shouriyo Ghosh"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Jyoti Shaw"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Sudip Roy"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Siddhartha S Ray"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Maitreyee Bhattacharyya"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0mkm74xtwd4jt.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.7759/cureus.117081",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13716141",
  "id": "0mkm74xtwd4jt",
  "issns": [
    "2168-8184"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42953485",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Hematology"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2720|Hemophilia Treatment and Research"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7214595209",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13716141?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13716141",
  "pmid": "42953485",
  "published": "2026-09-28",
  "publisher": "Cureus Inc.",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0mkm74xtwd4jt.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T00:20:41Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42953485",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42953485"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-01T12:23:12Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13716141",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.117081"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2720|Hemophilia Treatment and Research",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Serum Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and C-reactive Protein Serve As Biomarkers of Joint Health in Severe Haemophilia A: A Cross-Sectional Study From India.",
  "title_text": "Serum Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and C-reactive Protein Serve As Biomarkers of Joint Health in Severe Haemophilia A: A Cross-Sectional Study From India.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-01T12:23:12Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0mkm74xtwd4jt",
  "venue": "Cureus",
  "versions": []
}