{
  "abstract": "In classical cryptography, one-way functions are necessary for most of cryptography. In the quantum world, however, Kretschmer at {TQC'21} and subsequent works have demonstrated that quantum versions of various primitives in minicrypt, such as signatures and private-key encryption, do not require quantum-computable one-way functions (\\textsf{qOWF}s). However, the question of the necessity of \\textsf{qOWF}s for primitives in Cryptomania like public-key encryption with classical public keys and ciphertexts (\\textsf{qPKE}) has remained open. We provide a comprehensive picture of the relationship between \\textsf{qPKE} and \\textsf{qOWF}. First, our main result is a black-box separation between \\textsf{qOWF}s and \\textsf{qPKE}. In particular, we show that relative to a unitary, real, and self-inverse oracle, there exists a \\textsf{qPKE} scheme (with classical keys and ciphertexts), but \\textsf{qOWF}s do not exist. Further, our oracles admit a point-function obfuscation construction, thus ruling out black-box construction of \\textsf{qOWF} from point function obfuscations. On the positive side, we construct \\textsf{qPKE} from quantum indistinguishability obfuscation for quantum circuits with classical obfuscated descriptions and efficiently verifiable one-way puzzles, which is known to be a potentially weaker assumption than \\textsf{qOWF}s, due to an existing black-box separation. Our construction is the quantum analog of the classical construction of \\textsf{PKE} from one-way functions and indistinguishability obfuscation in the quantum computation with classical communication (QCCC) setting.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2610.32145",
  "author_total": 2,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Mohammed Barhoush"
    },
    {
      "name": "Amit Behera"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0mn6w9c6rwf1a.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2610.32145",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "0mn6w9c6rwf1a",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.32145",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "quant-ph"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.32145",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-23",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0mn6w9c6rwf1a.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:35:15Z",
      "native_id": "2610.32145",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.32145"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "arxiv:quant-ph",
      "subfield": "quantum"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Quantum Cryptomania with Classical Communication without One-Way Functions",
  "title_text": "Quantum Cryptomania with Classical Communication without One-Way Functions",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:35:15Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0mn6w9c6rwf1a",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": []
}