{
  "abstract": "Objective: Carboplatin, a platinum-based chemotherapeutic agent, often causes dose‑limiting nephrotoxicity. Thymol, a natural monoterpene phenol, has antioxidant and anti‑inflammatory properties. This study aimed to determine whether thymol protects against carboplatin‑induced kidney injury in male rats.\n\nMethods: Fifty adult male albino rats were randomly divided into five groups (n=10 each): control (distilled water), olive oil (vehicle), thymol alone (40 mg/kg/day orally), carboplatin alone (50 mg/kg single intraperitoneal), and carboplatin plus thymol (same doses, thymol started 24 hours after carboplatin). After three months, serum renal function markers, oxidative stress indices (malondialdehyde [MDA], 8‑hydroxy‑2′‑deoxyguanosine [8‑OHdG]), circulating Nrf2, antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase [CAT], glutathione peroxidase [GPx], reduced glutathione [GSH]), pro‑inflammatory cytokines (NF‑κB p65, TNF‑α, IL‑6, IL‑1β), and renal histopathology were assessed. Data were analysed by one‑way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test (p<0.05).\n\nResults: Carboplatin significantly increased serum creatinine, urea, and uric acid; elevated MDA, 8‑OHdG, and circulating Nrf2; depleted SOD, CAT, GSH, and GPx; and raised NF‑κB, TNF‑α, IL‑6, and IL‑1β (p<0.05). Renal histology showed tubular degeneration, vascular congestion, and inflammatory infiltration. Co‑administration of thymol reversed most of these changes towards control values and markedly improved histological architecture.\n\nConclusion: Thymol attenuates carboplatin‑induced nephrotoxicity in male rats, likely by reducing oxidative damage and suppressing inflammatory signalling. These findings support further investigation of thymol as a potential adjunct to platinum‑based chemotherapy.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Biology, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Anbar, Ramadi, Anbar, Iraq"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 2,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Redhab Hameed"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Haitham Abdulhadi"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0mseaqwemqrc1.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.38029/babcockuniv.med.j..v9is1.1652",
  "fulltext_url": "https://bumj.babcock.edu.ng/index.php/bumj/article/view/1652",
  "id": "0mseaqwemqrc1",
  "issns": [
    "2465-6666",
    "2756-4657"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.38029/babcockuniv.med.j..v9is1.1652",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "lcc",
      "R"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-01",
  "publisher": "Babcock Medical Society",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0mseaqwemqrc1.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-01T14:21:03Z",
      "native_id": "1dcaca4fea7d432caf45d0eb2723ae59",
      "source": "doaj",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.38029/babcockuniv.med.j..v9is1.1652"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "lcc:R",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Thymol attenuates carboplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in male rats by suppressing oxidative stress and NF-κB-mediated inflammation: A biochemical and histopathological study",
  "title_text": "Thymol attenuates carboplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in male rats by suppressing oxidative stress and NF-κB-mediated inflammation: A biochemical and histopathological study",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-03T14:20:29Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0mseaqwemqrc1",
  "venue": "Babcock University Medical Journal",
  "versions": []
}