{
  "abstract": "Background/aim\n\nα-Enolase (ENO1) is a glycolytic enzyme that also functions as a plasminogen receptor when translocated to the cell surface, where it promotes extracellular matrix degradation and invasion. The surface and cytosolic functions of ENO1 is therefore distinct, but whether they differ in prognostic value in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is unknown. This study evaluated the prognostic value of surface and cytosolic ENO1 in LUAD.Patients and methods\n\nSurface and cytosolic ENO1 were assessed by immunohistochemistry in 174 LUAD patients and stratified as low or high according to the median H-score. The relationship between ENO1 expression and clinicopathological parameters was analyzed, and 5-year overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were evaluated.Results\n\nHigh surface ENO1 expression was associated with older age (p=0.044), nodal metastasis (p=0.030), and poor tumor differentiation (p=0.017). Patients with high surface ENO1 had significantly worse 5-year OS (64.0% vs. 80.1%, p=0.041) and 5-year PFS (44.8% vs. 65.0%, p=0.047). In univariate analysis, high surface ENO1 was associated with an increased risk of 5-year OS [hazard ratio (HR)=1.94, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.02-3.71] and 5-year PFS (HR=1.62, 95%CI=1.00-2.63). In contrast, cytosolic ENO1 was not associated with any clinicopathological parameter or survival outcome.Conclusion\n\nSurface, but not cytosolic, ENO1 is associated with adverse pathological features and poor survival in LUAD. These results suggest that the surface pool is the prognostically relevant fraction of ENO1 and support its evaluation as a biomarker and therapeutic target in LUAD.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Chest Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.",
    "Department of Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.",
    "Department of Colorectal Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.",
    "School of Chinese Medicine & Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.",
    "Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.",
    "Department of Radiation Oncology, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.",
    "Department of Colorectal Surgery, China Medical University HsinChu Hospital, China Medical University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C.",
    "School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.",
    "Proton Therapy and Science Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.",
    "Department of Radiotherapy, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.",
    "Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.",
    "Translation Research Core, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.",
    "Cancer Biology and Precision Therapeutics Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.",
    "Office of Research and Development, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 9,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yu-Sen Lin"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Te-Hong Chen"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Yuan-Yao Tsai"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Tao-Wei Ke"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4,
        5
      ],
      "name": "Chi-Hsien Huang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2,
        4
      ],
      "name": "Chia-Yu Tsai"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2,
        6,
        7
      ],
      "name": "William Tzu-Liang Chen"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5,
        8,
        9
      ],
      "name": "K S Clifford Chao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        10,
        11,
        12,
        13
      ],
      "name": "Kevin Chih-Yang Huang"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0mvf5vdfnjxs8.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.21873/cdp.10602",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13724025",
  "id": "0mvf5vdfnjxs8",
  "issns": [
    "2732-7787"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42968826",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Research Article"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2730|Lung Cancer Research Studies"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7225127184",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13724025?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13724025",
  "pmid": "42968826",
  "published": "2026-11-01",
  "publisher": "International Institute of Anticancer Research",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0mvf5vdfnjxs8.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-03T15:20:53Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42968826",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42968826"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-04T12:22:33Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13724025",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.21873/cdp.10602"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2730|Lung Cancer Research Studies",
      "subfield": "oncology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Prognostic Relevance of Surface α-Enolase (ENO1) in Patients With Lung Adenocarcinoma.",
  "title_text": "Prognostic Relevance of Surface α-Enolase (ENO1) in Patients With Lung Adenocarcinoma.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-05T12:20:44Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0mvf5vdfnjxs8",
  "venue": "Cancer diagnosis & prognosis",
  "versions": []
}