{ "abstract": "Introduction Growth in understanding of ecological restoration necessitates updated guidance for effective, equitable, and outcome‐oriented restoration across terrestrial, inland water, and coastal and marine ecosystems. The third edition of the Society for Ecological Restoration (SER) International Principles and Standards for the Practice of Ecological Restoration provides an expanded, evidence‐based framework for ecological restoration aligned with the United Nations Decade on Ecosystem Restoration and other global frameworks. Objectives This revision clarifies terminology, updates Principles with current science and practice, provides expanded Standards of Practice, and improves the Five‐star System. Methods While key elements of the previous version were retained, substantial revisions were made. Results This document synthesizes eight Principles of ecological restoration and details Standards of Practice spanning assessment, planning, implementation, ongoing management, and monitoring and evaluation. Standards are applicable across ecosystems and biomes, sectors, and diverse social and cultural contexts. Included are: (1) a clarified definition of ecological restoration emphasizing recovery of native ecosystems; (2) refined terminology and updated Standards of Practice; (3) zero‐star baselines and increased quantification of the Five‐star System; (4) an updated Restorative Continuum that refines the relationships between restorative activities and major restoration types and illustrates application to all major ecosystem types; and (5) expanded discussion of several complex topics. Conclusions Applying the SER Standards can help reduce risk and uncertainty and enhance ecological restoration outcomes, including creating synergies with other restorative and conservation activities.", "abstract_shown": true, "affiliations": [ "Society for Ecological Restoration Washington, D.C. 20009 U.S.A", "The Institute for Regional Conservation Delray Beach FL 33483 U.S.A", "Society for Ecological Restoration Australasia Cooma 2630 New South Wales Australia", "Center for Conservation and Sustainable Development Missouri Botanical Garden St Louis 63166 MO U.S.A", "Ecological Health Network Cambridge MA 02138 U.S.A", "Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, Franke College of Forestry and Conservation University of Montana Missoula MT 59812 U.S.A", "Ecosystem Restoration Thematic Group, Commission on Ecosystem Management International Union for Conservation of Nature 1196 Gland Switzerland", "Center for International Forestry Research and World Agroforestry (CIFOR‐ICRAF) Lima Peru", "Parks Canada 30 Victoria Street Gatineau Quebec J8X 0B3 Canada", "Institute of Ecology and State Key Laboratory of Vegetation Structure, Functions and Construction (VegLab), College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China", "Laboratory of Landscape Ecology, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales Universidad de Concepción Concepción Chile", "Ecocultural Resources, LLC Corvallis OR 97330 U.S.A", "Yellow River Research Institute North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power Zhengzhou 450046 China", "Research Institute for Nature and Forest Herman Teirlinckgebouw Havenlaan 88 bus 73 Brussels 1000 Belgium", "The Forest School, Yale School of the Environment Yale University 360 Prospect Street New Haven CT 06511 U.S.A", "The Global Biodiversity Standard Botanic Gardens Conservation International Descanso House, 199 Kew Road Richmond TW9 3BW U.K", "Forest Research Institute University of the Sunshine Coast Sippy Downs Queensland Australia", "Department of European, Public and International Law (EPIL) Ghent University Universiteitstraat 4 9000 Ghent Belgium", "Department of Ecology and IMEM University of Alicante Alicante Spain", "SCOR SE 5 Avenue Kléber 75795 Paris Cedex 16 France", "School of Molecular and Life Sciences Curtin University Perth Western Australia Australia", "Western Australian Biodiversity Science Institute Perth Western Australia Australia", "School of Biological Sciences The University of Western Australia Perth Western Australia 6009 Australia" ], "article_type": null, "arxiv": null, "author_total": 25, "authors": [ { "affs": [ 0, 1 ], "name": "George D. Gann", "orcid": "0009-0001-6532-1361" }, { "affs": [ 2 ], "name": "Tein McDonald", "orcid": "0000-0001-7322-0934" }, { "affs": [ 0 ], "name": "Bethanie Walder", "orcid": "0009-0009-0049-8500" }, { "affs": [ 3, 4 ], "name": "James C. Aronson", "orcid": "0000-0002-3655-5492" }, { "affs": [ 5, 6 ], "name": "Cara R. Nelson", "orcid": "0000-0001-7508-0859" }, { "affs": [ 5, 0 ], "name": "James G. Hallett", "orcid": "0000-0003-4259-4903" }, { "affs": [ 7 ], "name": "Manuel R. Guariguata", "orcid": "0000-0002-4352-2015" }, { "affs": [ 8 ], "name": "Emily K. Gonzales" }, { "affs": [ 9 ], "name": "Fangyuan Hua", "orcid": "0000-0001-8514-8757" }, { "affs": [ 10 ], "name": "Cristian Echeverría", "orcid": "0000-0001-6456-6431" }, { "affs": [ 11 ], "name": "Cristina Eisenberg" }, { "affs": [ 12 ], "name": "Junguo Liu", "orcid": "0000-0002-5745-6311" }, { "affs": [ 13 ], "name": "Kris Decleer", "orcid": "0000-0001-9621-8925" }, { "affs": [ 14 ], "name": "Zoe E. Barr" }, { "affs": [ 15 ], "name": "David C. Bartholomew", "orcid": "0000-0002-8123-1817" }, { "affs": [ 0 ], "name": "Marina Best", "orcid": "0000-0002-6180-9546" }, { "affs": [ 16 ], "name": "Robin L. Chazdon", "orcid": "0000-0002-7349-5687" }, { "affs": [ 17 ], "name": "An Cliquet", "orcid": "0000-0003-2878-6087" }, { "affs": [ 18 ], "name": "Jordi Cortina", "orcid": "0000-0002-8231-3793" }, { "affs": [ 19 ], "name": "Harmender Kalirai" }, { "affs": [ 0 ], "name": "Keith MacCallum" }, { "affs": [ 0 ], "name": "Amarizni Mosyaftiani", "orcid": "0000-0003-0441-2013" }, { "affs": [ 20 ], "name": "Simone Pedrini", "orcid": "0000-0001-9933-2846" }, { "affs": [ 21 ], "name": "Renee E. Young", "orcid": "0000-0003-0806-0828" }, { "affs": [ 22 ], "name": "Kingsley Wayne Dixon", "orcid": "0000-0001-5989-2929" } ], "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0mw1kb34hrms0.bib", "cited_by": 29, "doi": "10.1111/rec.70441", "fulltext_url": null, "id": "0mw1kb34hrms0", "issns": [ "1061-2971", "1526-100X" ], "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.70441", "language": "en", "licence": "CC-BY-NC", "licence_label": "CC BY-NC", "licence_source": "journal", "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/", "metadata_licence": null, "native_subjects": [ [ "openalex", "2309|Environmental Philosophy and Ethics" ] ], "openalex": "W7165690120", "pdf_url": null, "pmcid": null, "pmid": null, "published": "2026-06-01", "publisher": "Wiley", "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0mw1kb34hrms0.ris", "sources": [ { "first_seen": "2026-10-30T13:26:58Z", "native_id": "W7165690120", "source": "openalex", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.70441" } ], "subjects": [ { "field": "biology", "origin": "openalex:2309|Environmental Philosophy and Ethics", "subfield": "ecology" } ], "title": "International principles and standards for the practice of ecological restoration. Third edition", "title_text": "International principles and standards for the practice of ecological restoration. Third edition", "type": "peer-reviewed", "updated_at": "2026-11-08T13:20:54Z", "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0mw1kb34hrms0", "venue": "Restoration Ecology", "versions": [] }