{
  "abstract": "This study aimed to characterize butanol and methanol extracts of Phlomis brachyodon (P. brachyodon) and incorporate them into thermoresponsive in situ gels (F1 and F2, respectively) to evaluate their wound-healing activity. Total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant activity of the extracts were determined. Extracts were profiled by LC-MS. The rheological properties of the gels, using a controlled-stress rheometer, and their wound-healing activity and histological examinations were evaluated. Cell viability assays of the extracts were conducted against human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) and a small-cell lung cancer cell line (H69). The methanol extract showed higher TPC and TFC values and stronger antioxidant activity than the butanol extract (IC₅₀, 55.82 ± 8.94 versus 144.11 ± 10.95 µg/mL). F1 and F2 underwent a sol-gel transition at temperatures suitable for topical application and exhibited shear-thinning behavior with predominantly elastic behavior. Both extract-loaded gels promoted wound contraction, with F2 producing the greatest reduction in wound area and near-complete closure by day 15. F1 and F2 gels showed complete re-epithelialization. LC-MS profiling detected 37 constituents and showed greater chemical diversity in the methanol extract. Both extracts had selectivity indices greater than 30 against H69 cancer cells, with IC₅₀ values of 3.16 and 2.24 µg/mL for the butanol and methanol extracts, respectively. P. brachyodon extract-loaded thermoresponsive gels, particularly the methanol extract formulation, showed promising antioxidant and wound-healing activity. In conclusion, these findings support the development of P. brachyodon topical formulations and demonstrate anticancer activity, particularly against H69 lung cancer cells, for P. brachyodon extracts.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan.",
    "Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 8,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Nour Aboalhaija",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-9586-4722"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Fatimah Al-Dulaimi",
      "orcid": "0009-0000-8847-5382"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Osama H Abusara",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-0856-5618"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Fatma Afifi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Heba Syaj"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Baraa Hajjaj"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Wasan Al-Farhan",
      "orcid": "0009-0006-6385-1912"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Rania Hamed",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7132-801X"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0nf4zeg3asad6.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/gels12100909",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13704378",
  "id": "0nf4zeg3asad6",
  "issns": [
    "2310-2861"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42929943",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2742|Wound Healing and Treatments"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221345503",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13704378?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13704378",
  "pmid": "42929943",
  "published": "2026-10-09",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0nf4zeg3asad6.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:22:01Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42929943",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42929943"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2742|Wound Healing and Treatments",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Development and Characterization of Phlomis brachyodon Extract-Loaded Thermoresponsive In Situ Gels: Antioxidant Activity, Wound-Healing Evaluation in a Rat Excision Model, and Potential Anticancer Activity.",
  "title_text": "Development and Characterization of Phlomis brachyodon Extract-Loaded Thermoresponsive In Situ Gels: Antioxidant Activity, Wound-Healing Evaluation in a Rat Excision Model, and Potential Anticancer Activity.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:22:01Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0nf4zeg3asad6",
  "venue": "Gels (Basel, Switzerland)",
  "versions": []
}