{
  "abstract": "This paper establishes a unified framework for analyzing skill-based queueing systems (SBQSs) by connecting pass-and-swap (P&S) queues and Whittle networks, two key classes of product-form queueing models. We demonstrate their equivalence under specific conditions, enabling the analysis of complex systems through simpler, well-understood components. More precisely, our contributions are threefold: (i) Following Comte and Dorsman (2021), we propose a closed tandem network representation of SBQSs, where P&S queues and Whittle networks serve as building blocks, allowing us to derive product-form stationary distributions for a wide range of systems. Furthermore, we prove a form of equivalence between P&S queues and Whittle networks. (ii) We provide explicit results for load-balancing policies, including (a) a proof of equivalence between assign-to-the-longest-idle-server (ALIS) and randomly-assign-to-idle-server (RAIS), and between FCFS-ALIS and FCFS-RAIS, and (b) the first closed-form expression for RAIS routing probabilities. (iii) Lastly, we highlight generalizations to state-dependent arrival rates, multi-stage waiting mechanisms, and priority-based scheduling, showcasing the framework's broad applicability. This work provides a general, flexible, and computationally tractable approach to analyzing SBQSs, with implications for performance evaluation in computer systems, telecommunications, and service operations.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 3,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Céline Comte"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jan-Pieter Dorsman"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kristen Gardner"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0nvwp27j5wgf2.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": null,
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "0nvwp27j5wgf2",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://hal.science/hal-05830288v1",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "hal",
      "0.info"
    ],
    [
      "hal",
      "0.math"
    ],
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      "hal",
      "1.info.info-pf"
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  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": "https://hal.science/hal-05830288/document",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-21",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0nvwp27j5wgf2.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:00Z",
      "native_id": "hal-05830288",
      "source": "hal",
      "url": "https://hal.science/hal-05830288v1"
    }
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "mathematics",
      "origin": "hal:1.math.math-pr",
      "subfield": "probability"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Modelling Skill-Based Queueing Systems using Pass-and-Swap Queues and Whittle Networks",
  "title_text": "Modelling Skill-Based Queueing Systems using Pass-and-Swap Queues and Whittle Networks",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:18:00Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0nvwp27j5wgf2",
  "venue": "HAL",
  "versions": []
}