{
  "abstract": "This cross-sectional study investigates the relationship between scapular muscle endurance and shoulder function in patients who had undergone arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (RCR) 6–18 months before study enrollment. A total of 110 patients were assessed using the Scapular Retraction Endurance Test (SRET), the Scapular Dyskinesis Test, and the Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test (CKCUEST). Patient-reported outcomes were measured using the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire, and a Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) for pain. Findings revealed that higher scapular endurance and better CKCUEST performance were significantly associated with improved shoulder function (higher ASES scores) and reduced disability (lower DASH scores). Scapular dyskinesis was associated with poorer clinical and functional outcomes and mediated the relationship between scapular endurance and functional status. Mediation analyses confirmed that both scapular dyskinesis and CKCUEST performance partially explained the impact of endurance on functional recovery. The results suggest that scapular muscle endurance is a key predictor of postoperative shoulder function and is influenced by scapular motion quality and upper extremity stability. These findings support the incorporation of endurance training and scapular control assessments into rehabilitation protocols for patients following RCR.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia",
    "Department of Orthopedic Surgery, AlHada Armed Forces Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia",
    "Department of Surgery, Orthopedic Division, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia",
    "Program of Physical Therapy, Department of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia"
  ],
  "article_type": "Research Article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 7,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Wael M. Alzahrani"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Baraa Abdulraheem Baltow"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Ziad Ahmed Alanazi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Saleh M. Kardm"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ravi Shankar Reddy"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ghada Mohamed. Koura"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ajay Prashad Gautam"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0qgn8a1f5dqmd.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0357765",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "0qgn8a1f5dqmd",
  "issns": [
    "1932-6203"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0357765",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2746|Shoulder Injury and Treatment"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Anatomy/Body limbs/Arms"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Anatomy/Body limbs/Arms/Hands"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Anatomy/Musculoskeletal system/Shoulders"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Physiology/Muscle physiology/Muscle functions"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Anatomy/Body limbs/Arms"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Anatomy/Body limbs/Arms/Hands"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Anatomy/Musculoskeletal system/Shoulders"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Clinical medicine/Signs and symptoms/Pain"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Medical conditions/Disabilities"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Surgical and invasive medical procedures/Surgical repair"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Physical sciences/Physics/Classical mechanics/Kinematics"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7213346262",
  "pdf_url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0357765&type=printable",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-15",
  "publisher": "Public Library of Science",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0qgn8a1f5dqmd.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:49Z",
      "native_id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0357765",
      "source": "plos",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0357765"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "plos:anatomy",
      "subfield": "physiology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Scapular endurance, dyskinesis, and functional outcomes after rotator cuff repair: A cross-sectional mediation analysis",
  "title_text": "Scapular endurance, dyskinesis, and functional outcomes after rotator cuff repair: A cross-sectional mediation analysis",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:49Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0qgn8a1f5dqmd",
  "venue": "PLOS One",
  "versions": []
}