{
  "abstract": "This study investigated the phytochemical composition and biological activities of leaves and flowers from seven Nerium oleander L. cultivars grown in Tunisia to evaluate their potential for industrial and crop-related applications. Primary metabolite analysis showed that flowers had a higher accumulation of metabolites than leaves, with the 'Roseum Plenum' (RP) cultivar reaching a peak total soluble sugar concentration of 31.57 µg/ml, dominated by sucrose (19.47 µg/ml). Amino acid profiles were also significantly higher in flowers; glycine peaked at 50.66 µg/ml in 'Villa Romaine' (VRS), while 'RP' flowers showed elevated levels of asparagine (3.17 µg/ml) and glutamine (1.18 µg/ml), suggesting elevated amino acid production and stress resilience. Regarding the secondary metabolome, catechin emerged as the predominant compound, reaching 13.67 µg/ml in 'Petit Salmon' (PS) flowers compared to 6.64 µg/ml in 'R' leaves. Other abundant polyphenols identified across the profiles included caffeic and ferulic acids. In addition, quercetin and quercitrin were identified as the main flavonoids, with particularly high concentrations observed in the 'PS' cultivar. Biological assays demonstrated that floral extracts generally possess superior bioactivity. 'RP' flower extracts exhibited exceptional antimicrobial potency, specifically against Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium, significantly outperforming leaf extracts. Antioxidant tests (DPPH, FRAP, and lipid peroxidation) further confirmed that 'PS' and 'Mont Blanc' (MB) cultivars are the most active. These findings indicate that N. oleander flowers, particularly from the 'Roseum Plenum' and 'Petit Salmon' cultivars, serve as high-value sources of bioactive compounds for the development of natural antioxidants and botanical antimicrobial agents in the industrial and agricultural sectors.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Agricultural Experimentation Unit of Gabes, LGVRF, (LR11INRGREF01), University of Carthage, Gabès, Tunisia.",
    "Laboratory of Energy, Water, Environment and Processes (LR18ES35), National Engineering School of Gabes, University of Gabes, Gabes, Tunisia.",
    "Faculty of Sciences of Gabes, University of Gabes, Gabes, 6029, Tunisia.",
    "Laboratory of Engineering Processes and Industrial Systems, Chemical Engineering Department, National School of Engineers of Gabes, University of Gabes, Gabes, 6029, Tunisia.",
    "LEF (LG16INRGREF03), INRGREF, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia.",
    "Botany and Microbiology department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.",
    "Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture Engineering, Idlib University, Idlib, Syria.",
    "School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.",
    "Centro de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas del Ecuador (CIBE), Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Campus Gustavo Galindo, Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil, 090902, Ecuador. gmaridue@espol.edu.ec."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 10,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Amen Bouabidi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Ahlem Zrig"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Kaouther Ben Yahia"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Mohammad K Okla"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Ibrahim A Alaraidh"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Abd Alhamed Alkhaled"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Yousef Alhaj Hamoud",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0945-9224"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Mehrez Romdhane"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8
      ],
      "name": "Maria Gabriela Maridueña-Zavala"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Ezzeddine Saadaoui"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0qmqay496sz22.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1186/s12870-026-09528-0",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13679120",
  "id": "0qmqay496sz22",
  "issns": [
    "1471-2229"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42894127",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "lcc",
      "QK1-989"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "1110|Medicinal Plant Research"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7170085556",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13679120?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13679120",
  "pmid": "42894127",
  "published": "2026-07-01",
  "publisher": "BMC",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0qmqay496sz22.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:42Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42894127",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42894127"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T13:45:50Z",
      "native_id": "f145251b8c7344f291bbf0a8c4984faa",
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      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-026-09528-0"
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  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "openalex:1110|Medicinal Plant Research",
      "subfield": "plant-biology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Phytochemical profile and biological activities of Nerium Oleander L. flowers and leaves.",
  "title_text": "Phytochemical profile and biological activities of Nerium Oleander L. flowers and leaves.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T13:45:50Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0qmqay496sz22",
  "venue": "BMC plant biology",
  "versions": []
}