{
  "abstract": "Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) both rely on the phenomenon of neurovascular coupling (NVC) to probe brain activity through their sensitivity to cerebral blood oxygenation. However, the relationship between fNIRS chromophores (oxy- and deoxyhaemoglobin, HbO and HbR), and fMRI (Blood Oxygen Level Dependent and Arterial Spin Labeling, BOLD and ASL) measurements, and whether this relationship remains consistent across subjects and physiological conditions, has only been partially characterised. We acquired concurrent continuous-wave fNIRS and gradient-echo (GE) and spin-echo (SE) BOLD-ASL fMRI in healthy adults (n = 10) during visual stimulation. By applying calibrated fMRI methodology, we examined the relationships between fNIRS-derived haemoglobin modulations and fMRI-derived modulations in macrovascular (GE-) and microvascular (SE-) BOLD signals, cerebral blood flow (CBF), and oxygen metabolism (CMRO₂). Group-level results showed strong temporal cross-modal agreement, with HbO and HbR tightly mirroring all fMRI signal time-courses (|r| > 0.8). A quantitative analysis of trial-by-trial modulations revealed distinct state-dependent behaviours: HbO maintained a stable relationship with the fMRI-derived metrics across conditions, whereas cross-modal relationships between HbR and fMRI-derived metrics substantially strengthened at higher flow-metabolism coupling (FMC), the ratio of CBF to CMRO₂ change, an index of the strength of NVC. Both HbO and HbR were more strongly associated with GE-BOLD than with SE-BOLD. These findings provide a rigorous physiological grounding for fNIRS signal interpretation, demonstrating its utility as a surrogate marker for specific haemodynamic and metabolic parameters.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Neurosciences, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences, University G. D’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Via Luigi Polacchi 11, Chieti, 66100, Italy; Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), University G. D’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Via Luigi Polacchi 11, Chieti, 66100, Italy",
    "Multimodal Functional Imaging Lab, Department of Physics and Concordia School of Health, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, H4B 1R6, Canada",
    "Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, Naples, 80138, Italy",
    "Department of Neurosciences, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences, University G. D’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Via Luigi Polacchi 11, Chieti, 66100, Italy; Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), University G. D’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Via Luigi Polacchi 11, Chieti, 66100, Italy; UdA-TechLab, Research Center, University G. D'Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, Italy",
    "Department of Engineering and Geology, University G. D’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Viale Pindaro 42, Pescara, 65127, Italy"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 14,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Giulia Rocco"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Lucie Chalet"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Elizabeth J. Fear"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Sara Pomante"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Francesca Graziano"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Davide Di Censo"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Manuela Carriero"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Édouard Delaire"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Fabrizio Esposito"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Mauro Gianni Perrucci"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Cosimo Del Gratta"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "David Perpetuini"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Richard G. Wise"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Antonio M. Chiarelli"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0rgxqt7h59b38.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.122290",
  "fulltext_url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811926006051",
  "id": "0rgxqt7h59b38",
  "issns": [
    "1095-9572",
    "1053-8119"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.122290",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "lcc",
      "RC321-571"
    ],
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      "openalex",
      "2741|Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques"
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  "openalex": "W7221723039",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-30",
  "publisher": "Elsevier",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0rgxqt7h59b38.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T13:44:59Z",
      "native_id": "e64a1c1982a242f78406362d7d8b6d51",
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      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.122290"
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2741|Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques",
      "subfield": "imaging"
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  ],
  "title": "A comparison of continuous-wave fNIRS with quantitative fMRI-derived indices of brain function in the visual cortex",
  "title_text": "A comparison of continuous-wave fNIRS with quantitative fMRI-derived indices of brain function in the visual cortex",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T13:44:59Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0rgxqt7h59b38",
  "venue": "NeuroImage",
  "versions": []
}