{
  "abstract": "Globular cluster stellar streams probe galaxy-formation processes and can potentially reveal the distribution of dark matter in galaxies. In many theoretical studies, streams are modeled with particle-spray or direct N -body codes. But particle-spray methods abstract away the internal dynamics of the progenitor by making strong assumptions about the escape physics, while direct N -body is prohibitively expensive for realistic ( N > 10 ⁵ ) systems. In this paper, we present the stream-modeling capabilities of KRIOS , a new basis-expansion N -body code for collisional stellar dynamics, that bridges this runtime versus accuracy gap. We show that KRIOS reproduces NBODY6++GPU cluster models, and their associated streams, more accurately than particle spray in a fraction of the NBODY6++GPU wall-clock time. We then compare KRIOS to various particle-spray methods on 10 orbits similar to known Milky Way streams. The morphology and kinematics of these streams most disagree when the progenitor is tightly bound to the host, as these systems are often subject to stronger tidal forces. Finally, we discuss which elements of the progenitor physics are most important for modeling stellar streams and how these might be incorporated into particle-spray methods.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill",
    "Observatoire Astronomique de Strasbourg",
    "Illinois Institute of Technology",
    "Northwestern University",
    "NSF-Simons AI Institute for the Sky (SkAI)",
    "University of Pennsylvania",
    "Observatories of the Carnegie Institution for Science",
    "University of Copenhagen",
    "Technical University of Denmark",
    "California Institute of Technology"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 9,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Brian T. Cook",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0341-6928"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Kerwann Tep",
      "orcid": "0009-0002-8012-4048"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Carl L. Rodriguez",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-4175-8881"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Leah English"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3,
        4
      ],
      "name": "Tjitske Starkenburg",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-2539-8206"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Robyn Sanderson",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-3939-3297"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Newlin C. Weatherford",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9660-9085"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7,
        8
      ],
      "name": "Sarah Pearson",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0256-5446"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6,
        9
      ],
      "name": "Nondh Panithanpaisal",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5214-8822"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0rp9jq7gv6cmz.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3847/1538-4357/aea6a2",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "0rp9jq7gv6cmz",
  "issns": [
    "0004-637X",
    "1538-4357"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/aea6a2",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "3103|Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221754056",
  "pdf_url": "https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/aea6a2/pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-14",
  "publisher": "American Astronomical Society",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0rp9jq7gv6cmz.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:11Z",
      "native_id": "10.3847/1538-4357/aea6a2",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/aea6a2"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "astronomy",
      "origin": "openalex:3103|Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena",
      "subfield": "galaxies"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Modeling Globular Cluster Stellar Streams with a Basis-expansion N -body Code",
  "title_text": "Modeling Globular Cluster Stellar Streams with a Basis-expansion N -body Code",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:18:11Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0rp9jq7gv6cmz",
  "venue": "The Astrophysical Journal",
  "versions": []
}