{
  "abstract": "Background\n\nThe present study explored relationships how Sasang constitutional types were related to morphological characteristics, cardiovascular fitness during exercise, and thermo-physiological responses under passive heat stress.Methods\n\nTwenty-four healthy males participated in this study. With a questionnaire, the 24 males were classified into the four Sasang constitutional types: 4 Tae-Eum (TE), 5 So-Yang (SY), 15 So-Eum (SE), but 0 Tae-Yang TY) type. Morphological characteristics (height, weight, body surface area, total body fat, and body mass index), cardiovascular fitness during exercise (maximum oxygen consumption [VO2max] and maximum heart rate) and thermos-physiological responses during passive heat stress test (rectal temperature, total sweat rate, thermal sensation, and thermal comfort) were recorded.Results\n\nThe results showed that the TE group had smaller standardized VO2max (ml/kg/min) than the SE and SY group (P < 0.05), but unstandardized VO2max (ml/min) showed the opposite tendency (TE > SE). There were differences in thermoregulatory behavior to cold stress between the TE and SY groups (P < 0.05). However, no differences among the three constitutional types in rectal temperature, total sweat rate, or subjective perception were found during the passive heat stress. Irrespective of the Sasang types, heavier and fatter subjects showed lower maximum rectal temperature under the passive heat stress (P < 0.05).Conclusions\n\nThese results indicated that the Sasang constitutional types correspond to cardiovascular fitness level during exercise rather than thermo-physiological responses during the passive heat stress. Notably, the Sasang constitutional types were primarily reflected in morphological characteristics, rather than in thermo-physiological responses under passive heat stress. Further studies with a sufficient number of subjects including TY individuals during both heat and cold stress tests are required in order to verify the scientific ground of the Sasang typology.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "College of Korean Medicine, Kyunghee University, Seoul, Korea.",
    "Department of Philosophy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea.",
    "Research Institute for Human Ecology, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.",
    "Research Institute for Human Ecology, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. leex3140@snu.ac.kr.",
    "Department of Fashion and Textiles, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. leex3140@snu.ac.kr.",
    "Graphene Research Center for Convergence Technology, Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Suwon, Korea. leex3140@snu.ac.kr."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 3,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Andrew Gorski"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Sang-Hyun Roh",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-2688-9306"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3,
        4,
        5
      ],
      "name": "Joo-Young Lee",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-5208-0941"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0rtcr2vesv3t9.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1186/s40101-026-00438-6",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13721412",
  "id": "0rtcr2vesv3t9",
  "issns": [
    "1880-6791",
    "1880-6805"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42958564",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Research"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2737|Thermoregulation and physiological responses"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7172118746",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13721412?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13721412",
  "pmid": "42958564",
  "published": "2026-08-01",
  "publisher": "BMC",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0rtcr2vesv3t9.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-01T00:20:47Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42958564",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42958564"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-03T12:22:06Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13721412",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s40101-026-00438-6"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2737|Thermoregulation and physiological responses",
      "subfield": "physiology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Relationships among morphological variables, cardiovascular fitness during exercise, and thermo-physiological responses under passive heat stress according to Sasang typology.",
  "title_text": "Relationships among morphological variables, cardiovascular fitness during exercise, and thermo-physiological responses under passive heat stress according to Sasang typology.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-03T12:22:06Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0rtcr2vesv3t9",
  "venue": "Journal of physiological anthropology",
  "versions": []
}