{
  "abstract": "Robotic assistance in arthroplasty is now embedded in routine practice across many centres, yet information about which platforms are validated, what they can be used for legally, and how they differ technically is dispersed across regulatory notices and heterogeneous clinical reports. This narrative review synthesises PubMed-indexed evidence and primary regulatory sources to provide a comprehensive overview of currently approved systems for knee and hip arthroplasty. PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched in August 2025 to identify relevant literature on approved robotic systems for knee and hip arthroplasty. Primary regulatory sources were also consulted to confirm approval status, indications, and technical characteristics. Architectures include active robots that autonomously mill bone, semi-active platforms that constrain surgeons' actions within haptic boundaries or guide saw cuts, and handheld solutions that add motorised control with real-time navigation. Imaging strategies span computed tomography-based planning, imageless intraoperative mapping, and fluoroscopy-guided registration in selected hip and knee applications. Most platforms are closed to the manufacturer's implant ecosystem, while a smaller group operates as open platforms with multi-implant compatibility. Across major markets, approvals are concentrated on total knee arthroplasty, with several systems also cleared for unicondylar knee arthroplasty and one imageless handheld platform carrying a specific indication for selected revision knee procedures. In the hip domain, approvals focus on total hip arthroplasty, and dedicated indications for hip hemiarthroplasty were not identified. Adoption has expanded in North America, Europe, and the Asia-Pacific region, supported by evidence of improved radiographic precision and safety broadly comparable to conventional techniques. However, claims of clinical superiority between platforms remain unproven and are confounded by differences in workflows, implants, and learning curves. By consolidating technical characteristics, approved indications, and regulatory status, this review may facilitate the selection, procurement, and implementation of these technologies and inform future work on interoperability, training, and value.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital of Halle, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.",
    "Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Academic Hospital of Bolzano (SABES-ASDAA), Bolzano, Italy.",
    "Department of Life Sciences, Health, and Health Professions, Link Campus University, Rome, Italy.",
    "Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University \"La Sapienza\" of Rome, Rome, Italy.",
    "School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University Faculty of Medicine, Stoke-on-Trent, UK.",
    "Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Mile End Hospital, London, UK.",
    "Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Eifelklinik St.Brigida, Simmerath, Germany.",
    "Department of Orthopaedics and Joint Replacement Surgery, Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, New Delhi, India."
  ],
  "article_type": "review article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Filippo Migliorini",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7220-1221"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3,
        4,
        5
      ],
      "name": "Nicola Maffulli"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        6
      ],
      "name": "Luise Schäfer",
      "orcid": "0009-0005-2047-4515"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Francesco Simeone"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Raju Vaishya"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Andreas Bell"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0s3kwg25jvp96.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.21037/aoj-2026-0030",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13743893",
  "id": "0s3kwg25jvp96",
  "issns": [
    "2415-6809"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42999771",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2746|Total Knee Arthroplasty Outcomes"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7224096544",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13743893?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13743893",
  "pmid": "42999771",
  "published": "2026-10-21",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0s3kwg25jvp96.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-09T15:20:41Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42999771",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42999771"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2746|Total Knee Arthroplasty Outcomes",
      "subfield": "surgery"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Overview of approved robotic systems for knee and hip arthroplasty: a narrative review.",
  "title_text": "Overview of approved robotic systems for knee and hip arthroplasty: a narrative review.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-09T15:20:41Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0s3kwg25jvp96",
  "venue": "Annals of joint",
  "versions": []
}