{
  "abstract": "Background Exercise is a cornerstone non‐pharmacological strategy for glucose management in people with Type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, barriers such as fear of hypoglycemia and time constraints may limit participation in conventional exercise programs. Static stretching (SS) represents a low‐intensity, accessible modality that requires little equipment and may be easily integrated into daily routines; however, its feasibility and acceptability in people with T1D remain unexplored. Objective The primary aim was to assess the feasibility, attendance, adherence, and safety of a 6‐week whole‐body SS program in active adults with T1D. Exploratory aims were glucose management and insulin sensitivity. Methods Twenty‐seven adults with T1D (32.4 ± 9.3 years; 160.6 ± 13.2 cm; 64.6 ± 8.9 kg; 13.8 ± 11.4 years since diagnosis) completed a non‐randomized, controlled feasibility study. Participants underwent an SS intervention or a control condition (CC). The SS protocol, performed twice weekly, included eight exercises (four sets of 30 s each). Feasibility outcomes were recruitment, retention, adherence, and adverse events. Exploratory outcomes included glucose responses (pre‐, post‐, and 1 h post‐exercise), carbohydrate intake, insulin dose (UI/day), and insulin sensitivity index (SI). Results Recruitment was successful, retention was 100% (27/27), and attendance at the stretching sessions was 100% (14/14 participants completed 12/12 sessions), with no serious adverse events reported. Exploratory analyses suggested that the SS group showed favorable post‐1 h glucose levels, insulin dose, and insulin sensitivity, whereas no relevant changes were observed in the CC. No between‐group differences were observed in carbohydrate intake. Conclusion A 6‐week SS program is feasible, safe, and acceptable in adults with T1D, supporting progression to a future randomized controlled trial.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement University of Palermo Palermo Italy",
    "Faculty Of Rehabilitation Sciences Nishi Kyushu University Kanzaki Japan",
    "Institute of Sustainability Psychology Leuphana University Lüneburg Lüneburg Germany"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Salvatore Frenda"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Masatoshi Nakamura"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Konstantin Warneke"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Salvatore Ficarra"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Antonino Bianco"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Ewan Thomas"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0vmkkmpa13rdc.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1002/lim2.70076",
  "fulltext_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/lim2.70076",
  "id": "0vmkkmpa13rdc",
  "issns": [
    "2688-3740"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/lim2.70076",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "lcc",
      "RA1-1270"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2712|Diabetes Management and Research"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7212135046",
  "pdf_url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/lim2.70076",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-26",
  "publisher": "Wiley",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0vmkkmpa13rdc.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T13:47:29Z",
      "native_id": "5ac52113dcd148cf85843a2f6b7c5409",
      "source": "doaj",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/lim2.70076"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2712|Diabetes Management and Research",
      "subfield": "endocrinology-metabolism"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Feasibility Investigation on the Effects of a 6‐Week Whole‐Body Static Stretching Program in Active Adults With Type 1 Diabetes on Blood Glucose and Insulin Sensitivity",
  "title_text": "Feasibility Investigation on the Effects of a 6‐Week Whole‐Body Static Stretching Program in Active Adults With Type 1 Diabetes on Blood Glucose and Insulin Sensitivity",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T13:47:29Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0vmkkmpa13rdc",
  "venue": "Lifestyle Medicine",
  "versions": []
}